{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3044215087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010695","title":"A Virtual End-to-End Learning System for Robot Navigation Based on Temporal Dependencies","display_name":"A Virtual End-to-End Learning System for Robot Navigation Based on Temporal Dependencies","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3044215087","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010695","mag":"3044215087"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3010695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010695","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09144508.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09144508.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100659650","display_name":"Yanqiu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1498-9206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yanqiu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1498-9206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052648973","display_name":"Ruiquan Ge","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-5588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruiquan Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-5588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001506992","display_name":"Lei Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9521-6039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Distributed Computer Software Novel Technology, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9521-6039","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Distributed Computer Software Novel Technology, Jinan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101798410","display_name":"Jinling Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2330-0295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinling Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2330-0295","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045065594","display_name":"Chen Lyu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5044-1459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Lyu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Distributed Computer Software Novel Technology, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5044-1459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Distributed Computer Software Novel Technology, Jinan, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442763","display_name":"Xiaojuan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5789-7571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojuan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100659650"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2942,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56446351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"134111","last_page":"134123"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.831580638885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.6820509433746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6659882068634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6471285820007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6136693954467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.6041747331619263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5105124711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4744853973388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.458311527967453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4472120404243469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.40558117628097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0946943461894989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.831580638885498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.6820509433746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6659882068634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6471285820007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6136693954467773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.6041747331619263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5105124711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4744853973388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.458311527967453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4472120404243469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.40558117628097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0946943461894989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3010695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010695","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09144508.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cb431346934f405087ad68b0421db465","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cb431346934f405087ad68b0421db465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 134111-134123 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3010695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010695","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09144508.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G106989005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2018ZB0419","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1530916467","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017GSF20105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","funder_display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1879060550","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201808330081","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2939148849","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2018ZB0419","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3876926024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702146","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4670329790","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017GSF20105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6038277628","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976127","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6281172334","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB1406002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6287396687","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB1406002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8990474165","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017GSF20105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333596","display_name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3044215087.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3044215087.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1810943226","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1972085588","https://openalex.org/W2016589492","https://openalex.org/W2034591486","https://openalex.org/W2056667972","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2133233905","https://openalex.org/W2133326355","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2162931300","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2167224731","https://openalex.org/W2342840547","https://openalex.org/W2559767995","https://openalex.org/W2562163136","https://openalex.org/W2583993537","https://openalex.org/W2588221994","https://openalex.org/W2588289902","https://openalex.org/W2754747741","https://openalex.org/W2761406764","https://openalex.org/W2790504560","https://openalex.org/W2794024623","https://openalex.org/W2794258351","https://openalex.org/W2797880127","https://openalex.org/W2887286974","https://openalex.org/W2897697565","https://openalex.org/W2959716684","https://openalex.org/W2962762260","https://openalex.org/W2963327228","https://openalex.org/W2971574468","https://openalex.org/W2981207549","https://openalex.org/W3100944043","https://openalex.org/W3127561923","https://openalex.org/W4300172425","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638273328","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6683965311","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6684338915","https://openalex.org/W6704559304","https://openalex.org/W6737454590","https://openalex.org/W6754031341","https://openalex.org/W6767441642","https://openalex.org/W6773319185"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2151749779","https://openalex.org/W3179968364","https://openalex.org/W1999612375","https://openalex.org/W2938107654","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2122871747","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3114279067"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Steering":[0],"a":[1,6,11,103,140,207],"wheeled":[2],"mobile":[3,157],"robot":[4,158],"through":[5],"variety":[7],"of":[8,41,48,107,182,199],"environments":[9,138],"is":[10],"complex":[12],"task.":[13],"To":[14,55],"achieve":[15],"this,":[16],"many":[17],"researchers":[18],"have":[19],"tried":[20],"to":[21,27,91,95,130,153,162],"convert":[22],"front-facing":[23],"camera":[24],"data":[25,49,77,94],"stream":[26],"the":[28,72,76,86,99,128,132,147,151,170,180,187,196],"corresponding":[29],"steering":[30],"angles":[31],"based":[32,84],"on":[33,85],"convolutional":[34],"neural":[35,66],"network":[36,67],"model":[37,68,149,172],"(CNN).":[38],"However,":[39],"most":[40],"existing":[42],"methods":[43],"suffer":[44],"from":[45],"higher":[46],"cost":[47],"acquisition":[50],"and":[51,78,97,114,117,120,143,178,202],"longer":[52],"training":[53,141],"cycles.":[54],"address":[56],"these":[57],"issues,":[58],"this":[59],"paper":[60],"proposes":[61],"an":[62,155],"innovative":[63],"end-to-end":[64],"deep":[65],"that":[69,159,169],"fully":[70,179],"considers":[71],"temporal":[73],"relationships":[74],"in":[75,136,150,206],"incorporates":[79],"long":[80],"short-term":[81],"memory":[82],"(LSTM)":[83],"CNN":[87],"model.":[88],"In":[89],"addition,":[90],"obtain":[92],"enough":[93],"train":[96],"test":[98,146],"model,":[100],"we":[101,126,145],"establish":[102],"simulation":[104],"system":[105,129,152],"capable":[106],"creating":[108],"realistic":[109],"environment":[110],"with":[111,186],"various":[112,163],"weather":[113],"road":[115,183],"conditions":[116],"avoiding":[118],"static":[119],"dynamic":[121],"obstacles":[122],"for":[123,190],"robots.":[124],"First,":[125],"use":[127],"capture":[131],"raw":[133],"image":[134,203],"sequence":[135],"different":[137],"as":[139],"set,":[142],"then":[144],"trained":[148],"realize":[154],"autonomous":[156],"can":[160,175,194],"adapt":[161],"environments.":[164],"The":[165],"experimental":[166],"results":[167],"demonstrate":[168],"proposed":[171],"not":[173],"only":[174],"extract":[176],"effectively":[177],"features":[181,204],"vision":[184],"information":[185],"highest":[188],"correlation":[189],"navigation,":[191],"but":[192],"also":[193],"learn":[195],"time":[197],"dependence":[198],"motion":[200],"states":[201],"contained":[205],"sequence.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}