{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3045478554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010233","title":"Novel PV Fault Diagnoses via SAE and Improved Multi-Grained Cascade Forest With String Voltage and Currents Measures","display_name":"Novel PV Fault Diagnoses via SAE and Improved Multi-Grained Cascade Forest With String Voltage and Currents Measures","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3045478554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010233","mag":"3045478554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3010233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010233","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09144195.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09144195.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113574129","display_name":"Wei Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9770-9419"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN","TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012668663","display_name":"Rong\u2010Jong Wai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5483-7445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong-Jong Wai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075972582","display_name":"Shi-Qun Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi-Qun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113574129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474","https://openalex.org/I80947539"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.6363,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83548965,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"133144","last_page":"133160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.7147701978683472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.659857988357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.5789029598236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/string","display_name":"String (physics)","score":0.5553686022758484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.543249249458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-point-tracking","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","score":0.4722922444343567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-indicator","display_name":"Fault indicator","score":0.43883615732192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4231346547603607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.4223194122314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.41080939769744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3822515606880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3663141131401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.27028608322143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.26710712909698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20909219980239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2069995403289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.20132973790168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14438548684120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09797826409339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.09485200047492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09379163384437561}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.7147701978683472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.659857988357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5789029598236084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157486923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376436","display_name":"String (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5553686022758484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.543249249458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36139824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052007","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","level":4,"score":0.4722922444343567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21267803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438159","display_name":"Fault indicator","level":4,"score":0.43883615732192993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4231346547603607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.4223194122314453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.41080939769744873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3822515606880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3663141131401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.27028608322143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.26710712909698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20909219980239868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2069995403289795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.20132973790168762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14438548684120178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09797826409339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.09485200047492981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09379163384437561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3010233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010233","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09144195.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:401fc3b6560c48fea42f112d505f54aa","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/401fc3b6560c48fea42f112d505f54aa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 133144-133160 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3010233","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010233","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09144195.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3365722850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4693122260","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"108-2221-E-011-080-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7160539585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G737106015","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 108-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8971784381","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 108-2221-E-011-080-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045478554.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3045478554.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973236742","https://openalex.org/W2003875143","https://openalex.org/W2007339510","https://openalex.org/W2043096692","https://openalex.org/W2060976371","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2317595875","https://openalex.org/W2342543955","https://openalex.org/W2408701322","https://openalex.org/W2466439715","https://openalex.org/W2471159162","https://openalex.org/W2610354682","https://openalex.org/W2615933803","https://openalex.org/W2617525111","https://openalex.org/W2741571174","https://openalex.org/W2746554716","https://openalex.org/W2760233602","https://openalex.org/W2767836774","https://openalex.org/W2772601414","https://openalex.org/W2790230453","https://openalex.org/W2793275921","https://openalex.org/W2807432007","https://openalex.org/W2896503610","https://openalex.org/W2897996667","https://openalex.org/W2919677123","https://openalex.org/W2922147072","https://openalex.org/W2926172260","https://openalex.org/W2947207459","https://openalex.org/W2951594842","https://openalex.org/W2955168996","https://openalex.org/W2961566974","https://openalex.org/W3011974631","https://openalex.org/W4232714830","https://openalex.org/W4237985638"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107204728","https://openalex.org/W4287591324","https://openalex.org/W4226420367","https://openalex.org/W2980176872","https://openalex.org/W2962876041","https://openalex.org/W3090555870","https://openalex.org/W3108503355","https://openalex.org/W2249953602","https://openalex.org/W2801655600","https://openalex.org/W4364859985"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,142],"precision":[1],"of":[2,17,24,52,59,77,94,138,144,194,200,216,251,259],"conventional":[3],"PV":[4,69,139],"fault":[5,70,86,106,167,217],"diagnostic":[6,71],"methods":[7],"faces":[8],"challenges":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,38,65,127,153,163,230],"the":[12,22,25,49,53,57,74,85,90,105,145,150,161,170,175,181,192,198,201,213,257],"nonlinear":[13],"output":[14],"power":[15,27,39],"characteristics":[16,51],"photovoltaic":[18],"(PV)":[19],"arrays":[20],"and":[21,41,63,80,83,97,160,165,179,209,212,224,242],"implementation":[23],"maximum":[26],"point":[28],"tracking":[29],"(MPPT)":[30],"algorithm.":[31],"In":[32,46,196],"severe":[33],"cases,":[34],"it":[35,245],"may":[36],"lead":[37],"losses":[40],"even":[42],"arouse":[43],"safety":[44],"issues.":[45],"this":[47],"study,":[48],"variation":[50],"sequence":[54,75,92],"waveforms":[55,76],"at":[56,186],"moment":[58],"failure":[60,221],"are":[61,88,99,148,228],"investigated":[62],"used":[64,100],"develop":[66],"a":[67,112,248],"novel":[68],"framework.":[72],"Firstly,":[73],"string":[78],"voltages":[79],"currents":[81],"before":[82],"after":[84],"occurred":[87],"collected;":[89],"normalized":[91],"data":[93,254],"voltages,":[95],"currents,":[96],"powers":[98],"as":[101,234],"analytic":[102],"data.":[103],"Then,":[104],"feature":[107,176],"extraction":[108],"is":[109,125,204],"realized":[110],"via":[111],"stacked":[113],"autoencoder":[114],"(SAE)":[115],"model.":[116],"After":[117],"that,":[118],"an":[119],"improved":[120],"multi-grained":[121],"cascade":[122],"forest":[123],"(IgcForest)":[124],"proposed":[126,146,171,202],"diagnose":[128],"faults,":[129],"e.g.,":[130],"line-to-line":[131],"(L-L)":[132],"fault,":[133,136],"open-circuit":[134],"(OC)":[135],"partial-shading":[137],"arrays,":[140],"etc.":[141],"advantages":[143],"method":[147,152,203],"that":[149],"SAE":[151],"extract":[154],"features":[155],"with":[156,256],"higher":[157],"recognition":[158],"automatically,":[159],"IgcForest":[162],"enhance":[164,180],"exploit":[166],"features.":[168],"Particularly,":[169],"improvements":[172],"can":[173],"reduce":[174],"vector":[177,237],"dimension":[178],"information":[182],"connectivity":[183],"between":[184],"forests":[185],"all":[187],"levels":[188],"for":[189,219,253],"further":[190],"improving":[191],"accuracy":[193,215,250],"diagnoses.":[195],"addition,":[197],"validity":[199],"verified":[205],"by":[206],"numerical":[207],"simulations":[208],"measured":[210],"data,":[211],"corresponding":[214],"diagnoses":[218],"single":[220],"reach":[222],"99.33%":[223],"98.61%,":[225],"respectively,":[226],"which":[227],"superior":[229],"traditional":[231],"methods,":[232],"such":[233],"softmax,":[235],"support":[236],"machines,":[238],"random":[239],"forest,":[240],"gcForest,":[241],"daForest.":[243],"Furthermore,":[244],"also":[246],"has":[247],"high":[249],"98.83%":[252],"sets":[255],"occurrence":[258],"multiple":[260],"faults.":[261]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
