{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3044073403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010180","title":"Automated Detection and Classification of Oral Lesions Using Deep Learning for Early Detection of Oral Cancer","display_name":"Automated Detection and Classification of Oral Lesions Using Deep Learning for Early Detection of Oral Cancer","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3044073403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010180","mag":"3044073403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3010180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010180","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09144177.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09144177.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027030560","display_name":"Roshan A. Welikala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8503-6536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154901","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/0517ce304","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roshan Alex Welikala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Information Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Information Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169","https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000187752","display_name":"Paolo Remagnino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9168-7746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154901","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/0517ce304","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paolo Remagnino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Information Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Information Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169","https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045940369","display_name":"Jian Han Lim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Han Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Image and Signal Processing, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Image and Signal Processing, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070805897","display_name":"Chee Seng Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7677-2865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chee Seng Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Image and Signal Processing, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Image and Signal Processing, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026682773","display_name":"Senthilmani Rajendran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5601-0695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092640","display_name":"Cancer Research Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0aq541","country_code":"MY","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092640","https://openalex.org/I4210147568"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Senthilmani Rajendran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Head and Neck Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Head and Neck Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092640"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052658683","display_name":"Thomas George Kallarakkal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5986-6170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas George Kallarakkal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057031481","display_name":"Rosnah Binti Zain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4963-8032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102358","display_name":"Mahsa University","ror":"https://ror.org/00p43ne90","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102358"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosnah Binti Zain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077024656","display_name":"Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8054-4301"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111199411","display_name":"University of Peradeniya","ror":"https://ror.org/025h79t26","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}],"countries":["LK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruwan Duminda Jayasinghe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025309360","display_name":"Jyotsna Rimal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0884-0325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67702648","display_name":"B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05et9pf90","country_code":"NP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67702648"]}],"countries":["NP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyotsna Rimal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, B. P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67702648"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059503850","display_name":"Alexander Ross Kerr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2162-8572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Ross Kerr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, New York University, New York, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, New York University, New York, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057879006","display_name":"Rahmi Amtha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2745-6652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147337026","display_name":"Universitas Trisakti","ror":"https://ror.org/019fnr381","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147337026"]}],"countries":["ID"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahmi Amtha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Dentistry, Trisakti University, Jakarta, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147337026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081665118","display_name":"Karthikeya Patil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7941-2467"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126824641","display_name":"JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/013x70191","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126824641"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karthikeya Patil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysuru, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysuru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126824641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048104626","display_name":"Wanninayake Mudiyanselage Tilakaratne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7061-7378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111199411","display_name":"University of Peradeniya","ror":"https://ror.org/025h79t26","country_code":"LK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["LK","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanninayake Mudiyanselage Tilakaratne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka","Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Research in Oral Cancer, Faculty of Dental Sciences, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111199411"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101441123","display_name":"John Gibson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I195460627","display_name":"University of Aberdeen","ror":"https://ror.org/016476m91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Gibson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I195460627"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013068093","display_name":"Sok Ching Cheong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6765-9542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092640","display_name":"Cancer Research Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0aq541","country_code":"MY","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092640","https://openalex.org/I4210147568"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sok Ching Cheong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Head and Neck Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Head and Neck Cancer Research Team, Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092640"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036785197","display_name":"Sarah Barman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5302-0169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154901","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/0517ce304","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Ann Barman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Information Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Information Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169","https://openalex.org/I4210154901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":7,"institutions_distinct_count":16,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027030560"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169","https://openalex.org/I4210154901"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":25.4975,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":344,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99750736,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"132677","last_page":"132693"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10307","display_name":"Head and Neck Cancer Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10307","display_name":"Head and Neck Cancer Studies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2733","display_name":"Otorhinolaryngology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11452","display_name":"Oral Health Pathology and Treatment","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9782999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7340405583381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6896649599075317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6812608242034912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.6244552135467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.5123432874679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cancer","display_name":"Cancer","score":0.5083803534507751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5046812295913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-image-annotation","display_name":"Automatic image annotation","score":0.45702502131462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/referral","display_name":"Referral","score":0.44500166177749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42660456895828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3992431163787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.35424524545669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.31497931480407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.17856398224830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.0926053524017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-medicine","display_name":"Family medicine","score":0.08639714121818542}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7340405583381653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6896649599075317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6812608242034912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.6244552135467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.5123432874679565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.5083803534507751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5046812295913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199579030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2851778","display_name":"Automatic image annotation","level":4,"score":0.45702502131462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776135927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5242559","display_name":"Referral","level":2,"score":0.44500166177749634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42660456895828247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3992431163787842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.35424524545669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.31497931480407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.17856398224830627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0926053524017334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.08639714121818542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3010180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010180","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09144177.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.kingston.ac.uk:46602","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400991","display_name":"Research Repository (Kingston University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801636071","host_organization_name":"Kingston Hospital NHS Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801636071"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.griffith.edu.au:10072/405091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/405091","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/405091","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402548","display_name":"Griffith Research Online (Griffith University, Queensland, Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","host_organization_name":"Griffith University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eee5c69116084eb09814003503c3d943","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eee5c69116084eb09814003503c3d943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 132677-132693 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1191946","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1191946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3010180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3010180","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09144177.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1934321046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/S013865/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8080253680","display_name":"Classification of oral lesions using deep learning for early detection of oral cancer","funder_award_id":"MR/S013865/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","funder_display_name":"Medical Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334626","display_name":"Medical Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03x94j517"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3044073403.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3044073403.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W854541894","https://openalex.org/W1514535095","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2057051042","https://openalex.org/W2069330528","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2138960149","https://openalex.org/W2141450695","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2466586702","https://openalex.org/W2510783735","https://openalex.org/W2557728737","https://openalex.org/W2565639579","https://openalex.org/W2592888171","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2754017308","https://openalex.org/W2782412726","https://openalex.org/W2805494874","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2884985635","https://openalex.org/W2889646458","https://openalex.org/W2896469379","https://openalex.org/W2902690370","https://openalex.org/W2907632336","https://openalex.org/W2912420051","https://openalex.org/W2912865809","https://openalex.org/W2944949670","https://openalex.org/W2955722579","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963095772","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963495494","https://openalex.org/W2964189045","https://openalex.org/W2988337938","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6623517193","https://openalex.org/W6630875275","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6679959949","https://openalex.org/W6785652829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3177930984","https://openalex.org/W2052697133","https://openalex.org/W2076896210","https://openalex.org/W2384288472","https://openalex.org/W1539573266","https://openalex.org/W2093596879","https://openalex.org/W2376984068","https://openalex.org/W2201969175","https://openalex.org/W2017257332","https://openalex.org/W2747088704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Oral":[0],"cancer":[1],"is":[2,16,58,112],"a":[3,51],"major":[4],"global":[5],"health":[6],"issue":[7],"accounting":[8],"for":[9,135,157,166,194,203,219],"177,384":[10],"deaths":[11],"in":[12,19,26,35,76,114,129,145],"2018":[13],"and":[14,21,32,44,161,179,201],"it":[15],"most":[17],"prevalent":[18],"low-":[20],"middle-income":[22],"countries.":[23],"Enabling":[24],"automation":[25],"the":[27,36,48,63,77,87,141,158,167,183,204,220,237,249],"identification":[28,195,205],"of":[29,47,54,62,79,163,170,192,196,206,217,222,239],"potentially":[30,40],"malignant":[31,33],"lesions":[34,57,165,200,223],"oral":[37,56,164,171],"cavity":[38],"would":[39],"lead":[41],"to":[42,97,104,118,125,233,236,251],"low-cost":[43],"early":[45,168],"diagnosis":[46],"disease.":[49],"Building":[50],"large":[52],"library":[53],"well-annotated":[55],"key.":[59],"As":[60],"part":[61],"MeMoSA":[64],"<sup":[65],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[66],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">\u00ae</sup>":[67],"(Mobile":[68],"Mouth":[69],"Screening":[70],"Anywhere)":[71],"project,":[72],"images":[73,197,207],"are":[74,229],"currently":[75],"process":[78],"being":[80],"gathered":[81,144],"from":[82,85,109],"clinical":[83],"experts":[84],"across":[86],"world,":[88],"who":[89],"have":[90],"been":[91],"provided":[92,113],"with":[93,177,182,231],"an":[94,189,214],"annotation":[95],"tool":[96],"produce":[98],"rich":[99],"labels.":[100],"A":[101],"novel":[102],"strategy":[103],"combine":[105],"bounding":[106],"box":[107],"annotations":[108],"multiple":[110],"clinicians":[111],"this":[115,137,146,253],"paper.":[116],"Further":[117,227],"this,":[119],"deep":[120,149,246],"neural":[121],"networks":[122],"were":[123,133,155,174],"used":[124],"build":[126],"automated":[127,159],"systems,":[128],"which":[130],"complex":[131],"patterns":[132],"derived":[134],"tackling":[136],"difficult":[138],"task.":[139,255],"Using":[140],"initial":[142,243],"data":[143],"study,":[147],"two":[148],"learning":[150,247],"based":[151],"computer":[152],"vision":[153],"approaches":[154],"assessed":[156],"detection":[160,169,181,212,221],"classification":[162,176,187],"cancer,":[172],"these":[173],"image":[175],"ResNet-101":[178],"object":[180],"Faster":[184],"R-CNN.":[185],"Image":[186],"achieved":[188,213],"F1":[190,215],"score":[191,216],"87.07%":[193],"that":[198,208,224],"contained":[199],"78.30%":[202],"required":[209,225],"referral.":[210,226],"Object":[211],"41.18%":[218],"performances":[228],"reported":[230],"respect":[232],"classifying":[234],"according":[235],"type":[238],"referral":[240],"decision.":[241],"Our":[242],"results":[244],"demonstrate":[245],"has":[248],"potential":[250],"tackle":[252],"challenging":[254]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":95},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":83},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":71},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":51},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}