{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3043176508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3009503","title":"Temperature Estimation of PMSM Using a Difference-Estimating Feedforward Neural Network","display_name":"Temperature Estimation of PMSM Using a Difference-Estimating Feedforward Neural Network","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3043176508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3009503","mag":"3043176508"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3009503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3009503","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09141245.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09141245.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100442888","display_name":"Jun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5990-6769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5990-6769","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082889450","display_name":"Jung-Ik Ha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-1414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jung-Ik Ha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5411-1414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.4341,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9317311,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"130855","last_page":"130865"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.7139236927032471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-neural-network","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","score":0.6516844034194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6225487589836121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6170232892036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5995201468467712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"Temperature measurement","score":0.5059434771537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.5005502700805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.46792173385620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/moment","display_name":"Moment (physics)","score":0.44776517152786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-point","display_name":"Operating point","score":0.432819664478302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.27264708280563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23954179883003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16292893886566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11464568972587585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.10647842288017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09436759352684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.07671061158180237}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.7139236927032471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47702885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441227","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","level":3,"score":0.6516844034194946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6225487589836121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6170232892036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5995201468467712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72293138","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909741","display_name":"Temperature measurement","level":2,"score":0.5059434771537781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5005502700805664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.46792173385620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179254644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222844","display_name":"Moment (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44776517152786255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22762622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628904","display_name":"Operating point","level":2,"score":0.432819664478302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.27264708280563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23954179883003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16292893886566162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11464568972587585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.10647842288017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09436759352684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.07671061158180237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3009503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3009503","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09141245.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:15e807fe96554ced937add5d7f868a4b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/15e807fe96554ced937add5d7f868a4b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 130855-130865 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3009503","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3009503","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09141245.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310509","display_name":"Electric Power Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqztz06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321292","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3043176508.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3043176508.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1560739766","https://openalex.org/W1657539713","https://openalex.org/W1977947328","https://openalex.org/W1998073131","https://openalex.org/W2029912855","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2103496339","https://openalex.org/W2119267998","https://openalex.org/W2120533977","https://openalex.org/W2127270655","https://openalex.org/W2130553922","https://openalex.org/W2137983211","https://openalex.org/W2159109408","https://openalex.org/W2167175022","https://openalex.org/W2177475920","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2282409361","https://openalex.org/W2288981278","https://openalex.org/W2315198154","https://openalex.org/W2572939427","https://openalex.org/W2774513877","https://openalex.org/W2791416295","https://openalex.org/W2804457427","https://openalex.org/W2820191439","https://openalex.org/W2889093407","https://openalex.org/W2906244940","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6686164453"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2286391053","https://openalex.org/W2982600058","https://openalex.org/W1963486701","https://openalex.org/W2115072676","https://openalex.org/W4311212821","https://openalex.org/W1529660427","https://openalex.org/W2102065768","https://openalex.org/W4390752998","https://openalex.org/W2158578859","https://openalex.org/W4391020207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Keeping":[0],"the":[1,29,40,49,53,61,65,82,87,92,98,106,113,117,120,128,141,144,151],"temperature":[2,30,42,83,118],"of":[3,32,67,70,76,97,119,143,157],"a":[4,11,23,33,58,73],"permanent":[5,145],"magnet":[6,146],"synchronous":[7],"machine":[8,18],"(PMSM)":[9],"in":[10,154],"safe":[12],"range":[13],"is":[14,35],"essential":[15],"for":[16,28,140],"maintaining":[17],"performance.":[19],"In":[20],"this":[21],"paper,":[22],"feedforward":[24],"neural":[25],"network":[26],"(FNN)":[27],"estimation":[31,95,134],"PMSM":[34,121],"proposed.":[36],"An":[37],"FNN":[38,80,101],"obtains":[39],"past":[41],"and":[43,47,89,94,105,147],"operating":[44],"condition":[45],"values":[46],"gives":[48],"temperatures":[50,66],"information":[51],"at":[52],"next":[54],"moment.":[55],"Similar":[56],"to":[57,125],"thermal-circuit-based":[59],"model,":[60],"proposed":[62,79],"model":[63,107,131],"estimates":[64,81],"multiple":[68],"parts":[69,149],"interest":[71],"with":[72],"heat":[74],"point":[75],"view.":[77],"The":[78],"differences,":[84],"rather":[85],"than":[86,137],"temperatures,":[88],"can":[90],"enhance":[91],"learning":[93],"performance":[96],"FNN.":[99],"Various":[100],"structures":[102],"are":[103,110],"compared,":[104],"generation":[108],"steps":[109],"presented.":[111],"For":[112],"experiments":[114],"performed,":[115],"where":[116],"changes":[122],"from":[123],"20":[124],"130":[126],"\u00b0C,":[127],"best":[129],"FNN-based":[130],"showed":[132],"closed-loop":[133,158],"errors":[135],"less":[136],"4.5":[138],"\u00b0C":[139],"side":[142],"four":[148],"on":[150],"winding,":[152],"even":[153],"2":[155],"hours":[156],"estimation.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}