{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3041533691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3007717","title":"Noise Free Fully Homomorphic Encryption Scheme Over Non-Associative Algebra","display_name":"Noise Free Fully Homomorphic Encryption Scheme Over Non-Associative Algebra","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3041533691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3007717","mag":"3041533691"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3007717","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09134724.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"type":"article","type_crossref":"journal-article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09134724.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025466319","display_name":"\u0130qra Mustafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6047-6882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100923","display_name":"Munster Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/013xpqh61","country_code":"IE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100923"]}],"countries":["IE","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iqra Mustafa","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Computing, Cork Institute of Technology (CIT), Cork, Ireland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","Department of Computing, Cork Institute of Technology (CIT), Cork, Ireland"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058763564","display_name":"Hasnain Mustafa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hasnain Mustafa","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034196986","display_name":"Ahmad Taher Azar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7869-6373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I207547235","display_name":"Benha University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tn5ee41","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I207547235"]}],"countries":["EG","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Taher Azar","raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Benha, Egypt; Robotics and Internet-of-Things Lab (RIOTU), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Benha University, Benha, Egypt","Robotics and Internet-of-Things Lab (RIOTU), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061765479","display_name":"Sheraz Aslam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4305-0908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163151358","display_name":"Cyprus University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05qt8tf94","country_code":"CY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163151358"]}],"countries":["CY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheraz Aslam","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Informatics, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037090300","display_name":"Syed Muhammad Mohsin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0886-9061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Muhammad Mohsin","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008652053","display_name":"Muhammad Bilal Qureshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0030-8959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36448004","display_name":"Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05yfc2w21","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36448004"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Bilal Qureshi","raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033415173","display_name":"Nouman Ashraf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0164-8031"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I7478328","display_name":"Waterford Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypxwh20","country_code":"IE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I7478328"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nouman Ashraf","raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications Software and Systems Group (TSSG), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications Software and Systems Group (TSSG), Waterford Institute of Technology, Waterford, Ireland"]}],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850,"provenance":"doaj"},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850,"provenance":"doaj"},"has_fulltext":true,"fulltext_origin":"pdf","cited_by_count":7,"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":86,"max":87},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"136524","last_page":"136536"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Advanced Cryptographic Schemes and Protocols","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Advanced Cryptographic Schemes and Protocols","score":0.9998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11435","display_name":"Symbolic Computing in Algebraic Geometry and Cryptography","score":0.9995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Cryptography and Error-Correcting Codes","score":0.9993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"keyword":"homomorphic encryption scheme","score":0.6768},{"keyword":"algebra","score":0.2961},{"keyword":"non-associative","score":0.25}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.86948514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.6009239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5019858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159423971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177251","display_name":"Associative property","level":2,"score":0.48729765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.46732345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4621248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.45592833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.44065285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.42905506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36608344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.35845396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136119220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660","display_name":"Algebra over a field","level":2,"score":0.35588336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.34850267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.2507802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.07913408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3007717","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09134724.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},{"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/14933fe29fb5438ba352fc290acf8f35","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false},{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14279/19431","pdf_url":"https://ktisis.cut.ac.cy/bitstream/20.500.14279/19431/1/09134724.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400897","display_name":"Ktisis at Cyprus University of Technology (Cyprus University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I163151358","host_organization_name":"Cyprus University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163151358"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cyprus University of Technology"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false}],"best_oa_location":{"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3007717","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09134724.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"grants":[{"funder":"https://openalex.org/F4320327702","funder_display_name":"Prince Sultan University","award_id":null}],"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W150064776","https://openalex.org/W1494049356","https://openalex.org/W1497981337","https://openalex.org/W1583871653","https://openalex.org/W1979120705","https://openalex.org/W2012621693","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2089446201","https://openalex.org/W2129389061","https://openalex.org/W2129580084","https://openalex.org/W2156030242","https://openalex.org/W2176745559","https://openalex.org/W2177209050","https://openalex.org/W2518938922","https://openalex.org/W2765457622","https://openalex.org/W2942255051","https://openalex.org/W2964096821","https://openalex.org/W2996423944","https://openalex.org/W3004720276","https://openalex.org/W3006389067","https://openalex.org/W3020304818","https://openalex.org/W3028165933","https://openalex.org/W4205630623"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2993631497","https://openalex.org/W2887779253","https://openalex.org/W2965484163","https://openalex.org/W2096221836","https://openalex.org/W2539930818","https://openalex.org/W4390664647","https://openalex.org/W3012147850","https://openalex.org/W4391920153","https://openalex.org/W2512006651","https://openalex.org/W4232705780"],"ngrams_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works/W3041533691/ngrams","abstract_inverted_index":{"Among":[0],"several":[1],"approaches":[2],"to":[3,88,166],"privacy-preserving":[4],"cryptographic":[5],"schemes,":[6],"we":[7,66],"have":[8,67],"concentrated":[9],"on":[10,24,36,98],"noise-free":[11],"homomorphic":[12,22,31],"encryption.":[13],"It":[14],"is":[15,51,96],"a":[16,29,55,76,106,141,164],"symmetric":[17],"key":[18],"encryption":[19,32],"that":[20,74,85],"supports":[21],"operations":[23],"encrypted":[25],"data.":[26],"We":[27],"present":[28],"fully":[30],"(FHE)":[33],"scheme":[34,50,95,119,138,159],"based":[35,97],"sedenion":[37],"algebra":[38,154],"over":[39,80,111],"finite":[40,112],"\u2124":[41,113],"n":[44,116],"rings.":[45,117],"The":[46,91,118],"innovation":[47],"of":[48,54,61,93,101,104],"the":[49,52,59,81,99,102,136,167],"compression":[53],"16-dimensional":[56,83],"vector":[57,84],"for":[58,130,144],"application":[60],"Frobenius":[62],"automorphism.":[63],"For":[64,133],"sedenion,":[65,150],"p":[68],"16":[71],"different":[72],"possibilities":[73],"create":[75],"significant":[77],"bijective":[78],"mapping":[79],"chosen":[82],"adds":[86],"permutation":[87],"our":[89],"scheme.":[90],"security":[92,142],"this":[94,134],"assumption":[100],"hardness":[103],"solving":[105],"multivariate":[107,123],"quadratic":[108],"equation":[109],"system":[110],"results":[120],"in":[121],"256n":[122],"polynomial":[124],"equations":[125],"with":[126],"256+16n":[127],"unknown":[128],"variables":[129],"n":[131],"messages.":[132],"reason,":[135],"proposed":[137],"serves":[139],"as":[140,163,171],"basis":[143],"potentially":[145],"post-quantum":[146],"cryptosystems.":[147],"Moreover,":[148],"after":[149],"no":[151],"newly":[152],"constructed":[153],"loses":[155],"its":[156],"properties.":[157],"This":[158],"would":[160],"therefore":[161],"apply":[162],"whole":[165],"following":[168],"algebras,":[169],"such":[170],"32-dimensional":[172],"trigintadunion.":[173]},"cited_by_api_url":"https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W3041533691","counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2024-03-24T05:08:56.359482","created_date":"2020-07-16"}