{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3040181105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3007450","title":"On Over-the-Air Testing for Devices With Directional Antennas","display_name":"On Over-the-Air Testing for Devices With Directional Antennas","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3040181105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3007450","mag":"3040181105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3007450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3007450","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09133580.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09133580.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035375010","display_name":"Lijian Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9618-3299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lijian Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9618-3299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355374","display_name":"Yong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4096-8652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065700725","display_name":"Shitong Zhe","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shitong Zhe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Universal Wireless Communications (Ministry of Education), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368874","display_name":"Xiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6341-7730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130112","display_name":"China Academy of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038dte259","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130112","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130112"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035375010"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5201,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64839112,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"121821","last_page":"121832"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11851","display_name":"Electromagnetic Compatibility and Measurements","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7988011837005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.7090764045715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6439809203147888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anechoic-chamber","display_name":"Anechoic chamber","score":0.6016184687614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5326368808746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5279445052146912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5201926231384277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5158624053001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-antenna","display_name":"Smart antenna","score":0.5100010633468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5070991516113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4894334375858307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/angle-of-arrival","display_name":"Angle of arrival","score":0.459995836019516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-correlation","display_name":"Spatial correlation","score":0.43832284212112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2689843773841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1637451946735382}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7988011837005615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.7090764045715332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6439809203147888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149712133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332774","display_name":"Anechoic chamber","level":2,"score":0.6016184687614441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5326368808746338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5279445052146912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5201926231384277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5158624053001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.5100010633468628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5070991516113281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4894334375858307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13545353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4763363","display_name":"Angle of arrival","level":3,"score":0.459995836019516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150060386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574054","display_name":"Spatial correlation","level":2,"score":0.43832284212112427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2689843773841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1637451946735382}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3007450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3007450","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09133580.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:551f8aa5ba0d4ebf852a911abcdca028","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/551f8aa5ba0d4ebf852a911abcdca028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 121821-121832 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3007450","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3007450","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09133580.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3819873068","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018ZX03001028-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5161089389","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z191100007519002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7242744390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8866050649","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z191100007519002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325902","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3040181105.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3040181105.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W210359992","https://openalex.org/W1509061701","https://openalex.org/W1998635205","https://openalex.org/W2021587075","https://openalex.org/W2040259938","https://openalex.org/W2071105494","https://openalex.org/W2091833386","https://openalex.org/W2092787235","https://openalex.org/W2098657982","https://openalex.org/W2102468171","https://openalex.org/W2103183123","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2146318236","https://openalex.org/W2149265143","https://openalex.org/W2157828728","https://openalex.org/W2168492298","https://openalex.org/W2522926074","https://openalex.org/W2561058892","https://openalex.org/W2620863765","https://openalex.org/W2785280599","https://openalex.org/W2797065414","https://openalex.org/W2883697023","https://openalex.org/W2913283516","https://openalex.org/W2949047674"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088002925","https://openalex.org/W2947767458","https://openalex.org/W2337053834","https://openalex.org/W2063133982","https://openalex.org/W4289884633","https://openalex.org/W1988250439","https://openalex.org/W2188444164","https://openalex.org/W2368431684","https://openalex.org/W1985096459","https://openalex.org/W2783796465"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,14,18,35,41,49,57,61,89,94,110,130,134,141,151,159,163,167,171,175,181,185,188,192,207,210,224,232,241,250,263,266,284,293],"impact":[4,208],"of":[5,60,83,162,187,203,209,235,244,265,271,292],"devices":[6,27],"under":[7,140,166,174,258],"test":[8],"(DUTs)":[9],"with":[10,120,133,147,153],"directional":[11,42,102,121,154,289],"antennas":[12,85,122,165,237,246],"on":[13,109,150,214],"recreated":[15],"channel":[16,96,132,169,177,226,252,268,277],"in":[17,37,51,144,269],"over-the-air":[19],"(OTA)":[20],"testing":[21],"for":[22,71,118],"massive":[23,72,204],"multiple-input":[24],"multiple-output":[25],"(MIMO)":[26],"using":[28,283],"prefaded":[29],"signal":[30],"synthesis":[31],"(PFS)":[32],"technique.":[33],"Assuming":[34],"uplink":[36],"real":[38],"radio":[39],"environments,":[40],"receiver":[43],"(Rx)":[44],"antenna":[45,103,212,290],"patterns":[46,104,213,291],"would":[47,105],"affect":[48],"gains":[50],"different":[52],"incoming":[53],"directions,":[54],"thereby":[55],"affecting":[56],"spatial":[58,112,233,242,272],"characteristics":[59,113,234,243],"target":[62,95,168],"channel.":[63],"A":[64],"typical":[65],"multi-probe":[66],"anechoic":[67],"chamber":[68],"(MPAC)":[69],"setup":[70,143],"MIMO":[73,205],"base":[74],"stations":[75],"(BSs)":[76],"is":[77,217],"studied,":[78],"where":[79],"a":[80],"limited":[81],"number":[82],"probe":[84,90,99,194,286],"are":[86,178,196,254,295],"distributed":[87],"over":[88],"wall":[91],"to":[92,126,183,228],"emulate":[93],"by":[97,282],"proper":[98],"weighting.":[100],"The":[101,156],"have":[106],"nonnegligible":[107],"effects":[108],"emulated":[111],"which":[114],"may":[115],"become":[116],"inaccurate":[117],"DUTs":[119,152,294],"and":[123,170,191,247,276],"thus":[124],"need":[125],"be":[127,138,280],"re-examined.":[128],"Therefore,":[129],"reconstructed":[131,176,189,225,267],"PFS":[135],"technique":[136],"will":[137],"investigated":[139,218],"MPAC":[142],"this":[145],"paper,":[146],"particular":[148],"focus":[149],"antennas.":[155],"deviations":[157],"between":[158],"covariance":[160,172],"matrix":[161,173],"Rx":[164,236],"used":[179],"as":[180,219],"metric":[182],"evaluate":[184],"performance":[186],"channel,":[190],"optimal":[193],"weights":[195,287],"also":[197,239],"re-determined.":[198],"Furthermore,":[199],"given":[200],"beamforming":[201],"capability":[202],"BSs,":[206],"BS":[211],"angular":[215,274],"spectrum":[216,275],"well.":[220],"In":[221],"addition,":[222],"since":[223],"needs":[227],"not":[229],"only":[230],"reflect":[231,240],"but":[238],"transmitter":[245],"propagation":[248],"environment,":[249],"end-to-end":[251],"capacities":[253],"evaluated.":[255],"Simulation":[256],"results":[257],"various":[259],"scenarios":[260],"show":[261],"that":[262],"accuracies":[264],"terms":[270],"correlation,":[273],"capacity":[278],"can":[279],"improved":[281],"re-optimized":[285],"when":[288],"taken":[296],"into":[297],"account.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}