{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3039246899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3005808","title":"An Optimal Least Square Support Vector Machine Based Earnings Prediction of Blockchain Financial Products","display_name":"An Optimal Least Square Support Vector Machine Based Earnings Prediction of Blockchain Financial Products","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3039246899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3005808","mag":"3039246899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3005808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3005808","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09127981.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09127981.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004306129","display_name":"M. Sivaram","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210125537","display_name":"Lebanese French University","ror":"https://ror.org/030t96b35","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125537"]}],"countries":["IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. Sivaram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Networking, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Networking, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125537"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041429943","display_name":"E. Laxmi Lydia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6788-7051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188963388","display_name":"International Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dernx73","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188963388"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Laxmi Lydia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, Vignan\u2019s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous), Visakhapatnam, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, Vignan\u2019s Institute of Information Technology (Autonomous), Visakhapatnam, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188963388"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039361880","display_name":"Irina V. Pustokhina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103031861","display_name":"Plekhanov Russian University of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04pbtsc74","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103031861"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irina V. Pustokhina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Entrepreneurship and Logistics Department, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5480-8871","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Entrepreneurship and Logistics Department, Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103031861"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090218287","display_name":"Denis A. Pustokhin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8138-8494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111567634","display_name":"State University of Management","ror":"https://ror.org/00nxz6d14","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111567634"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denis Alexandrovich Pustokhin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Logistics, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8138-8494","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Logistics, State University of Management, Moscow, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111567634"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000985289","display_name":"Mohamed Elhoseny","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-8368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Elhoseny","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6347-8368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063895155","display_name":"Gyanendra Prasad Joshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5446-288X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gyanendra Prasad Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102935340","display_name":"K. Shankar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2803-3846"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131155284","display_name":"Alagappa University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ec9cc06","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131155284"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Shankar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Applications, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2803-3846","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Applications, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131155284"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004306129"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210125537"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.2957,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96636471,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"120321","last_page":"120330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14319","display_name":"Currency Recognition and Detection","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14319","display_name":"Currency Recognition and Detection","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11326","display_name":"Stock Market Forecasting Methods","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.743108868598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.6452072262763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5543222427368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.5152044892311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-absolute-percentage-error","display_name":"Mean absolute percentage error","score":0.4778411090373993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.47376635670661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-return","display_name":"Rate of return","score":0.4357648193836212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.39169880747795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.3599108159542084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3560180068016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.3455897569656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.34159430861473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24252855777740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.12186792492866516}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.743108868598938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.6452072262763977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5543222427368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5152044892311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150217764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803607","display_name":"Mean absolute percentage error","level":3,"score":0.4778411090373993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.47376635670661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86637286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7317264","display_name":"Rate of return","level":2,"score":0.4357648193836212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.39169880747795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3599108159542084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3560180068016052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3455897569656372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.34159430861473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24252855777740479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12186792492866516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3005808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3005808","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09127981.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6f2f48f8745c427c945fb31745448180","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6f2f48f8745c427c945fb31745448180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 120321-120330 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3005808","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3005808","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09127981.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3039246899.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3039246899.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W893234787","https://openalex.org/W2032170121","https://openalex.org/W2032310541","https://openalex.org/W2037094898","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2071791486","https://openalex.org/W2094576666","https://openalex.org/W2264174776","https://openalex.org/W2268598456","https://openalex.org/W2511250566","https://openalex.org/W2526375869","https://openalex.org/W2620090200","https://openalex.org/W2621026469","https://openalex.org/W2732331263","https://openalex.org/W2744040310","https://openalex.org/W2759168365","https://openalex.org/W2781703105","https://openalex.org/W2800941002","https://openalex.org/W2805677640","https://openalex.org/W2810965170","https://openalex.org/W2888345420","https://openalex.org/W2964016347","https://openalex.org/W2978858975","https://openalex.org/W2985148234","https://openalex.org/W2994893585","https://openalex.org/W3000062728","https://openalex.org/W3010770988","https://openalex.org/W3011010806","https://openalex.org/W3011916980","https://openalex.org/W3015837893","https://openalex.org/W3018466250","https://openalex.org/W3023939840","https://openalex.org/W3030979125","https://openalex.org/W3033417100","https://openalex.org/W3105573581","https://openalex.org/W3147003781","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6692835593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318676890","https://openalex.org/W2039947585","https://openalex.org/W4385195237","https://openalex.org/W3178576217","https://openalex.org/W4285102093","https://openalex.org/W4210644201","https://openalex.org/W3111532652","https://openalex.org/W2510451507","https://openalex.org/W4283367183","https://openalex.org/W4381189085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,53,78,132,154],"booming":[1],"applications":[2],"of":[3,15,22,56,64,89,95,102,139,167,171],"bitcoin":[4,23],"Blockchain":[5,40],"technologies":[6],"made":[7],"investors":[8],"concerned":[9],"about":[10],"the":[11,19,57,85,93,96,100,103,106,114,125,129,160,168],"return":[12,20,35,109,169],"and":[13,91,116,148],"risk":[14],"financial":[16,41,172],"products.":[17,173],"So,":[18],"rate":[21,36,110,170],"must":[24],"be":[25],"foreseen":[26],"in":[27,137],"prior.":[28],"This":[29],"research":[30],"article":[31],"devises":[32],"an":[33],"effective":[34],"prediction":[37],"technique":[38],"for":[39],"products":[42],"based":[43],"on":[44,121,128],"Optimal":[45],"Least":[46],"Square":[47],"Support":[48],"Vector":[49],"Machine":[50],"(OLS-SVM)":[51],"model.":[52],"parameter":[54],"optimization":[55],"LS-SVM":[58],"model":[59,162],"was":[60,111,119,135],"performed":[61,82,120],"using":[62],"hybridization":[63,79],"Grey":[65],"Wolf":[66],"Optimization":[67],"(GWO)":[68],"with":[69],"Differential":[70],"Evolution":[71],"(DE),":[72],"called":[73],"optimal":[74],"GWO":[75,90],"(OGWO)":[76],"algorithm.":[77],"process":[80],"is":[81],"to":[83,123],"eliminate":[84],"local":[86],"optima":[87],"problem":[88],"enhance":[92],"diversity":[94],"population.":[97],"To":[98],"verify":[99,124],"goodness":[101],"proposed":[104],"model,":[105],"Ethereum":[107],"(ETH)":[108],"chosen":[112],"as":[113],"target":[115],"experimental":[117,133],"analysis":[118],"it":[122],"predictive":[126,165],"results":[127],"time":[130],"series.":[131],"outcome":[134,157,166],"analyzed":[136],"terms":[138],"two":[140],"performance":[141],"measures":[142],"namely":[143],"Mean":[144,149],"Squared":[145],"Error":[146,152],"(MSE)":[147],"Absolute":[150],"Percentage":[151],"(MAPE).":[153],"obtained":[155],"simulation":[156],"infers":[158],"that":[159],"OLS-SVM":[161],"yielded":[163],"better":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}