{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3037958625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3004504","title":"EEG-Based Semantic Vigilance Level Classification Using Directed Connectivity Patterns and Graph Theory Analysis","display_name":"EEG-Based Semantic Vigilance Level Classification Using Directed Connectivity Patterns and Graph Theory Analysis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3037958625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3004504","mag":"3037958625"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3004504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3004504","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09123605.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09123605.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015905278","display_name":"Fares Al-Shargie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5792-8032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199440890","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fares Mohammed Al-Shargie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5792-8032","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031906127","display_name":"Omnia Hassanin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0329-8650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199440890","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omnia Hassanin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088139460","display_name":"Usman Tariq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7672-1187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199440890","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usman Tariq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080706447","display_name":"Hasan Al\u2010Nashash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9685-4937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199440890","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hasan Al-Nashash","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.1929,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92619357,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"115941","last_page":"115956"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vigilance","display_name":"Vigilance (psychology)","score":0.7903903722763062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6475157737731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5645055174827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5417578220367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroop-effect","display_name":"Stroop effect","score":0.46185410022735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.440327525138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attention-network","display_name":"Attention network","score":0.43732360005378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.43244698643684387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.20781868696212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.15672743320465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12614932656288147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192769605","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1418914","display_name":"Vigilance (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7903903722763062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6475157737731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5645055174827576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5417578220367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162967406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384176","display_name":"Stroop effect","level":3,"score":0.46185410022735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.440327525138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993807640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103709453","display_name":"Attention network","level":2,"score":0.43732360005378723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.43244698643684387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.20781868696212769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.15672743320465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12614932656288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3004504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3004504","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09123605.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.aus.edu:11073/21414","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11073/21414","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400028","display_name":"DSpace at AUS (American University of Sharjah)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I199440890","host_organization_name":"American University of Sharjah","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199440890"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e1dd3d8434c9431aaa27ceb2e05ad69a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e1dd3d8434c9431aaa27ceb2e05ad69a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 115941-115956 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3004504","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3004504","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09123605.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321430","display_name":"American University of Sharjah","ror":"https://ror.org/001g2fj96"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3037958625.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3037958625.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969952570","https://openalex.org/W1970671664","https://openalex.org/W1971331662","https://openalex.org/W1987082083","https://openalex.org/W1990701202","https://openalex.org/W1993504423","https://openalex.org/W1996379253","https://openalex.org/W2014814217","https://openalex.org/W2016859592","https://openalex.org/W2025366179","https://openalex.org/W2025623975","https://openalex.org/W2032516896","https://openalex.org/W2038610431","https://openalex.org/W2038862157","https://openalex.org/W2040700600","https://openalex.org/W2049712033","https://openalex.org/W2050995101","https://openalex.org/W2051610037","https://openalex.org/W2052770734","https://openalex.org/W2055493013","https://openalex.org/W2056699334","https://openalex.org/W2057864263","https://openalex.org/W2062388102","https://openalex.org/W2068494370","https://openalex.org/W2071397834","https://openalex.org/W2075149264","https://openalex.org/W2092588942","https://openalex.org/W2095293504","https://openalex.org/W2095310269","https://openalex.org/W2100540722","https://openalex.org/W2103902806","https://openalex.org/W2104862701","https://openalex.org/W2125731900","https://openalex.org/W2128495200","https://openalex.org/W2137349930","https://openalex.org/W2148274379","https://openalex.org/W2158485497","https://openalex.org/W2163614090","https://openalex.org/W2165163873","https://openalex.org/W2167822639","https://openalex.org/W2274264216","https://openalex.org/W2278108273","https://openalex.org/W2285537656","https://openalex.org/W2306941105","https://openalex.org/W2321627951","https://openalex.org/W2462761302","https://openalex.org/W2525948926","https://openalex.org/W2528240659","https://openalex.org/W2528351778","https://openalex.org/W2528910453","https://openalex.org/W2558193840","https://openalex.org/W2563742216","https://openalex.org/W2594079185","https://openalex.org/W2606321326","https://openalex.org/W2735390493","https://openalex.org/W2757047268","https://openalex.org/W2765666606","https://openalex.org/W2783590821","https://openalex.org/W2790644103","https://openalex.org/W2892217709","https://openalex.org/W2901891485","https://openalex.org/W2908268642","https://openalex.org/W2908578648","https://openalex.org/W2912817382","https://openalex.org/W2913908672","https://openalex.org/W2940295770","https://openalex.org/W2943547402","https://openalex.org/W2951711772","https://openalex.org/W2960585436","https://openalex.org/W2963610620","https://openalex.org/W2967154606","https://openalex.org/W2975452052","https://openalex.org/W2992344551","https://openalex.org/W2997207075","https://openalex.org/W3017161802","https://openalex.org/W6660089423"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241390462","https://openalex.org/W1970555053","https://openalex.org/W2053629062","https://openalex.org/W2057396539","https://openalex.org/W3205260276","https://openalex.org/W2091287875","https://openalex.org/W2412548067","https://openalex.org/W4321502260","https://openalex.org/W2023692990","https://openalex.org/W2074649050"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"two":[3],"novel":[4],"methods":[5,91,166,172,203],"to":[6],"classify":[7],"semantic":[8,105,239],"vigilance":[9,106,121,155,240],"levels":[10],"by":[11,44,125,146],"utilizing":[12],"EEG":[13,66],"directed":[14,26,36,205,220],"connectivity":[15,27,144,206,222],"patterns":[16,207],"with":[17,154,223],"their":[18],"corresponding":[19],"graphical":[20,41],"network":[21,42,77,145],"measures.":[22],"We":[23,86,96],"estimate":[24],"the":[25,40,58,69,72,75,80,84,89,126,143,149,164,175,192,201,234],"using":[28,92],"relative":[29],"wavelet":[30],"transform":[31],"entropy":[32],"(RWTE)":[33],"and":[34,39,55,60,132,137,148,170,177,183,208,228],"partial":[35],"coherence":[37],"(PDC)":[38],"measures":[43,78,151],"graph":[45],"theory":[46],"analysis":[47],"(GTA)":[48],"at":[49],"four":[50,193],"frequency":[51,194],"bands.":[52,195],"The":[53,135,159,196],"RWTE":[54],"PDC":[56],"quantify":[57],"strength":[59,136],"directionality":[61,138],"of":[62,74,83,139,191,204,214],"information":[63,140],"flow":[64,141],"between":[65],"nodes.":[67],"On":[68],"other":[70,168],"hand,":[71],"GTA":[73,150,209,224],"complex":[76],"summarizes":[79],"topological":[81],"structure":[82],"network.":[85],"then":[87],"evaluate":[88],"proposed":[90,165,202],"machine":[93],"learning":[94],"classifiers.":[95],"carried":[97],"out":[98],"an":[99],"experiment":[100],"on":[101],"nine":[102],"subjects":[103,119],"performing":[104],"task":[107],"(Stroop":[108],"color":[109],"word":[110],"test":[111],"(SCWT))":[112],"for":[113,237],"approximately":[114],"45":[115],"minutes.":[116],"Behaviorally,":[117],"all":[118],"demonstrated":[120],"decrement":[122],"as":[123,225,233],"reflected":[124],"significant":[127],"increase":[128],"in":[129,142,174,181,186,189],"response":[130],"time":[131],"reduced":[133],"accuracy.":[134],"RWTE/PDC":[147],"significantly":[152],"decrease":[153],"decrement,":[156],"p<;":[157],"0.05.":[158],"classification":[160],"results":[161,198],"show":[162],"that":[163,200],"outperform":[167],"related":[169],"competitive":[171],"available":[173],"literature":[176],"achieve":[178],"100%":[179],"accuracy":[180],"subject-dependent":[182],"above":[184],"89%":[185],"subject-independent":[187],"level":[188],"each":[190],"overall":[197],"indicate":[199],"provide":[210],"a":[211],"complementary":[212],"aspect":[213],"functional":[215,221],"connectivity.":[216],"Our":[217],"study":[218],"suggests":[219],"informative":[226],"features":[227],"highlight":[229],"Support":[230],"Vector":[231],"Machine":[232],"suitable":[235],"classifier":[236],"classifying":[238],"levels.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2020-07-02T00:00:00"}