{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036230228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3003369","title":"Reliability Evaluation of Composite Power Systems: Evaluating the Impact of Full and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles","display_name":"Reliability Evaluation of Composite Power Systems: Evaluating the Impact of Full and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036230228","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3003369","mag":"3036230228"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3003369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3003369","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09119993.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09119993.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090360842","display_name":"Saifullah Shafiq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-4776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138564716","display_name":"Prince Mohammad bin Fahd University","ror":"https://ror.org/03d64na34","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138564716"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saifullah Shafiq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5759-4776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138564716"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023406970","display_name":"Usama Bin Irshad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4000-3444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99043593","display_name":"Macquarie University","ror":"https://ror.org/01sf06y89","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Usama Bin Irshad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99043593"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046925943","display_name":"Mohammad AlMuhaini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1163-0756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Al-Muhaini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1163-0756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057974305","display_name":"Sasa Djokic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1980-1329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sasa Z. Djokic","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039539786","display_name":"Umer Akram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2757-1287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","display_name":"The University of Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/00rqy9422","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Umer Akram","raw_affiliation_strings":["5School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"5School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.362,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92098572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"114305","last_page":"114314"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.7093442678451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plug-in","display_name":"Plug-in","score":0.6615877151489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.5933140516281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5684090256690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5140365362167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-number","display_name":"Composite number","score":0.5058364868164062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.46563804149627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4257514178752899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-power","display_name":"Hybrid power","score":0.41870689392089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19887247681617737}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7093442678451538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4924752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184148","display_name":"Plug-in","level":2,"score":0.6615877151489258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.5933140516281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5684090256690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5140365362167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104779481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50707","display_name":"Composite number","level":2,"score":0.5058364868164062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.46563804149627686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4257514178752899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86155754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13636979","display_name":"Hybrid power","level":3,"score":0.41870689392089844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19887247681617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3003369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3003369","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09119993.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:870bf6eb65ec43a6ad5da5bf778bf26b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/870bf6eb65ec43a6ad5da5bf778bf26b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 114305-114314 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace.library.uq.edu.au:UQ:34a179a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402388","display_name":"Queensland's institutional digital repository (The University of Queensland)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165143802","host_organization_name":"The University of Queensland","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165143802"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3003369","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3003369","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09119993.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328105","display_name":"Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University","ror":"https://ror.org/03d64na34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3036230228.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3036230228.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43966243","https://openalex.org/W181769417","https://openalex.org/W1738676012","https://openalex.org/W1974790877","https://openalex.org/W1975265573","https://openalex.org/W1982665134","https://openalex.org/W2003469515","https://openalex.org/W2014254642","https://openalex.org/W2021245488","https://openalex.org/W2023001890","https://openalex.org/W2027357857","https://openalex.org/W2032489938","https://openalex.org/W2036251084","https://openalex.org/W2055836636","https://openalex.org/W2056636551","https://openalex.org/W2096394894","https://openalex.org/W2100722303","https://openalex.org/W2106424475","https://openalex.org/W2107356155","https://openalex.org/W2118638860","https://openalex.org/W2125866329","https://openalex.org/W2134160754","https://openalex.org/W2151874756","https://openalex.org/W2161666560","https://openalex.org/W2201616929","https://openalex.org/W2287838237","https://openalex.org/W2315900678","https://openalex.org/W2343668226","https://openalex.org/W2344622042","https://openalex.org/W2421308786","https://openalex.org/W2425511279","https://openalex.org/W2587894896","https://openalex.org/W2793982887","https://openalex.org/W2902876647","https://openalex.org/W2985146669","https://openalex.org/W3099561736"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W47352601","https://openalex.org/W2981957539","https://openalex.org/W4287378204","https://openalex.org/W2461489085","https://openalex.org/W2545422590","https://openalex.org/W4240705470","https://openalex.org/W2945311252","https://openalex.org/W2155742919","https://openalex.org/W2532099551","https://openalex.org/W1914681266"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"rising":[1],"concerns":[2],"over":[3,47],"global":[4],"climate":[5,71],"change":[6,72],"and":[7,58,73,82,112,124,134,150,153,164,168,182,202],"depleting":[8,132],"fossil":[9],"fuel":[10],"reserves":[11],"are":[12,37,241],"two":[13],"of":[14,25,80,99,147,180,221],"the":[15,19,23,26,42,48,87,90,97,178,185,195,231],"main":[16],"reasons":[17],"for":[18,109],"ongoing":[20],"efforts":[21],"towards":[22],"electrification":[24],"transportation":[27],"sector.":[28],"While":[29],"greenhouse":[30],"gases":[31],"(GHGs)":[32],"emissions":[33,40],"from":[34,41],"other":[35],"sectors":[36],"generally":[38],"falling,":[39],"road":[43],"transport":[44],"have":[45,173,226],"increased":[46],"past":[49],"few":[50],"decades,":[51],"with":[52,114,167],"both":[53],"full":[54],"electric":[55,61],"vehicles":[56,62],"(FEVs)":[57],"plug-in":[59],"hybrid":[60],"(PHEVs)":[63],"being":[64],"recognized":[65],"as":[66,128,206,208],"potential":[67],"alternatives":[68],"to":[69,176,193],"combat":[70],"reduce":[74],"GHG":[75],"emissions.":[76],"However,":[77],"wide-spread":[78],"integration":[79],"FEVs":[81,111,181,222],"PHEVs":[83,113,183,224],"will":[84,94],"substantially":[85],"increase":[86],"load":[88],"on":[89,184,230],"power":[91,101,116,187],"system":[92,190,232],"which":[93],"eventually":[95],"affect":[96],"reliability":[98,233],"existing":[100,115],"systems.":[102],"In":[103,137],"this":[104],"paper,":[105],"a":[106,216,227,235],"probabilistic":[107,197],"model":[108],"integrating":[110],"grids":[117],"is":[118,141,191],"proposed":[119,196],"that":[120,214],"incorporates":[121],"important":[122],"FEV":[123,201],"PHEV":[125,203],"characteristics,":[126],"such":[127],"battery":[129],"capacity,":[130],"charge":[131],"distance,":[133],"charging":[135,159,163,166,209,237],"rates.":[136],"addition,":[138],"user":[139],"behavior":[140],"taken":[142],"into":[143],"account":[144],"through":[145],"time":[146],"recharging,":[148],"arrival":[149],"departure":[151],"times,":[152],"daily":[154],"miles":[155],"driven.":[156],"Furthermore,":[157],"different":[158,200],"strategies,":[160],"i.e.,":[161],"opportunistic":[162],"controlled":[165],"without":[169],"vehicle-to-grid":[170],"(V2G)":[171],"scheme":[172],"been":[174],"considered":[175],"evaluate":[177],"impact":[179,229],"composite":[186],"system.":[188],"IEEE-RTS-79":[189],"used":[192],"examine":[194],"technique":[198],"considering":[199],"penetration":[204,219],"levels":[205],"well":[207],"strategies.":[210],"Simulation":[211],"results":[212],"show":[213],"even":[215],"relatively":[217],"low":[218],"level":[220],"or":[223],"might":[225],"significant":[228],"unless":[234],"proper":[236],"and/or":[238],"discharging":[239],"schemes":[240],"utilized.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}