{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035925910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3003263","title":"A Novel Strategy to Achieve Bandwidth Cost Reduction and Load Balancing in a Cooperative Three-Layer Fog-Cloud Computing Environment","display_name":"A Novel Strategy to Achieve Bandwidth Cost Reduction and Load Balancing in a Cooperative Three-Layer Fog-Cloud Computing Environment","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035925910","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3003263","mag":"3035925910"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3003263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3003263","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09120013.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09120013.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044735308","display_name":"Mirza Mohd Shahriar Maswood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9785-2274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307585291","display_name":"Khulna University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04y58d606","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307585291"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mirza Mohd Shahriar Maswood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9785-2274","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307585291"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075593579","display_name":"Md. Rahinur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8425-4320"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1307585291","display_name":"Khulna University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04y58d606","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1307585291"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MD. Rahinur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Khulna University of Engineering & Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307585291"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065659905","display_name":"Abdullah G. Alharbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1972-4741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I199702508","display_name":"Jouf University","ror":"https://ror.org/02zsyt821","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdullah G. Alharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I199702508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071674500","display_name":"Deep Medhi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4109-0658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75421653","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City","ror":"https://ror.org/01w0d5g70","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75421653"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deep Medhi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City, Kansas City, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science Electrical Engineering, University of Missouri\u2013Kansas City, Kansas City, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75421653"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5044735308"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1307585291"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":8.4205,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":89,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97848724,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"113737","last_page":"113750"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8213585615158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.8180468082427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.6005521416664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.568187952041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5602986812591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fog-computing","display_name":"Fog computing","score":0.5548843741416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5244168043136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4717346429824829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0937691330909729}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8213585615158081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.8180468082427979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.6005521416664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.568187952041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5602986812591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986652147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21809931","display_name":"Fog computing","level":3,"score":0.5548843741416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5244168043136597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4717346429824829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0937691330909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3003263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3003263","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09120013.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ae5e43472df449208dfe376e69dec160","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ae5e43472df449208dfe376e69dec160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 113737-113750 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3003263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3003263","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09120013.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035925910.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035925910.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045371716","https://openalex.org/W2245189809","https://openalex.org/W2331637764","https://openalex.org/W2343878545","https://openalex.org/W2394115245","https://openalex.org/W2559571563","https://openalex.org/W2570714606","https://openalex.org/W2573834517","https://openalex.org/W2606297994","https://openalex.org/W2615777654","https://openalex.org/W2625701772","https://openalex.org/W2751308120","https://openalex.org/W2753672491","https://openalex.org/W2765776605","https://openalex.org/W2766961521","https://openalex.org/W2770104838","https://openalex.org/W2799283631","https://openalex.org/W2809070126","https://openalex.org/W2847503901","https://openalex.org/W2885007481","https://openalex.org/W2891745995","https://openalex.org/W2895923475","https://openalex.org/W2898881007","https://openalex.org/W2899228430","https://openalex.org/W2901261547","https://openalex.org/W2915920753","https://openalex.org/W2925214092","https://openalex.org/W2937992155","https://openalex.org/W2967104871","https://openalex.org/W3159750561","https://openalex.org/W6755329169"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2623647423","https://openalex.org/W4297686762","https://openalex.org/W4312680855","https://openalex.org/W2350199049","https://openalex.org/W2548431613","https://openalex.org/W1990056308","https://openalex.org/W3010663160","https://openalex.org/W2240063513","https://openalex.org/W3158612028","https://openalex.org/W3114501693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"IoT":[1,19,29,41],"(Internet":[2],"of":[3,10,27,49,173,182,209,215,222,269,280,308,315],"Things)":[4],"has":[5,117],"been":[6],"an":[7,77,283],"attractive":[8],"area":[9],"research":[11],"to":[12,57,66,81,88,122,170,178,202,257],"develop":[13],"smart":[14,16],"home,":[15],"city":[17],"environment.":[18,114,335],"sensors":[20,200],"generate":[21],"data":[22],"stream":[23],"continuously":[24],"and":[25,47,71,85,106,127,139,156,238,296,304],"majority":[26],"the":[28,124,153,158,162,174,180,193,197,206,213,220,241,248,250,266,290,294,300,305,330],"based":[30,40],"applications":[31,91],"are":[32],"highly":[33],"delay":[34,46,87,268,279],"sensitive.":[35],"The":[36],"initially":[37],"used":[38,310],"cloud":[39,63],"services":[42,64],"suffers":[43],"from":[44,196],"higher":[45,189],"lack":[48],"efficient":[50],"resources":[51,256,302],"utilization.":[52],"Fog":[53],"computing":[54,104,334],"is":[55,227,247,252],"introduced":[56],"improve":[58],"these":[59,255],"problems":[60],"by":[61,160,205,229,235,240],"bringing":[62],"near":[65],"edge":[67],"in":[68,112,135,282,329],"small":[69],"scale":[70],"distributed":[72,253],"nature.":[73],"This":[74,115],"work":[75],"considers":[76],"integrated":[78],"fog-cloud":[79,103,333],"environment":[80,164],"minimize":[82,123,152],"resource":[83],"cost":[84,126,155,187],"reduce":[86,258,265],"support":[89],"real-time":[90],"at":[92,191],"a":[93,100,108,118,216,321],"lower":[94],"operational":[95],"cost.":[96],"We":[97,131,166,286],"first":[98],"present":[99],"cooperative":[101,163,331],"three-layer":[102,332],"environment,":[105],"propose":[107],"novel":[109],"optimization":[110,324],"model":[111,116],"this":[113],"composite":[119,175],"objective":[120,172,176],"function":[121,177],"bandwidth":[125,138,154,186,292],"provide":[128],"load":[129,134,159,245,262,274],"balancing.":[130],"consider":[132],"balancing":[133,246,263,275],"both":[136],"links'":[137],"servers'":[140,301],"CPU":[141],"processing":[142,278],"capacity":[143,208,221],"level.":[144],"Simulation":[145],"results":[146],"show":[147],"that":[148,223],"our":[149,323],"framework":[150],"can":[151,264,276],"balance":[157],"utilizing":[161],"effectively.":[165],"assign":[167],"weight":[168],"factors":[169],"each":[171],"set":[179],"level":[181,261,273],"priority.":[183],"When":[184],"minimizing":[185],"gets":[188],"priority,":[190,249],"first,":[192],"demand":[194,214,226,251],"generated":[195],"traffic":[198],"generator":[199],"continues":[201],"be":[203],"satisfied":[204],"regional":[207],"layer-1":[210,232],"fog.":[211],"If":[212],"region":[217],"goes":[218],"beyond":[219],"region,":[224],"remaining":[225],"served":[228],"other":[230],"regions":[231],"fog,":[233,237],"then":[234],"layer-2":[236],"finally":[239],"cloud.":[242],"However,":[243],"when":[244],"among":[254],"delay.":[259],"Link":[260],"queueing":[267],"links":[270],"while":[271],"server":[272],"decrease":[277],"servers":[281,309],"overloaded":[284],"situation.":[285],"further":[287],"analyzed":[288],"how":[289],"unit":[291],"cost,":[293],"average":[295,306],"maximum":[297],"link":[298],"utilization,":[299,303],"number":[307],"vary":[311],"with":[312],"different":[313,318],"levels":[314],"priority":[316],"on":[317],"objectives.":[319],"As":[320],"result,":[322],"formulation":[325],"allows":[326],"tradeoff":[327],"analysis":[328]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}