{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035959418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3002954","title":"Experimental Investigation of Operability in Six-DOF Gesture-Based Operation Using a Lower Limb and Comparison With That in an Upper Limb","display_name":"Experimental Investigation of Operability in Six-DOF Gesture-Based Operation Using a Lower Limb and Comparison With That in an Upper Limb","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035959418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3002954","mag":"3035959418"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3002954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3002954","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09119380.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09119380.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026192129","display_name":"Masaharu KOMORI","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8696-8167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaharu Komori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8696-8167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059496283","display_name":"Tatsuro Terakawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9418-3156"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuro Terakawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9418-3156","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002474153","display_name":"Ikko Yasuda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8734-6431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikko Yasuda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8734-6431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5711,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63882433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"118262","last_page":"118272"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10914","display_name":"Tactile and Sensory Interactions","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11398","display_name":"Hand Gesture Recognition Systems","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operability","display_name":"Operability","score":0.7413074970245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lower-limb","display_name":"Lower limb","score":0.6866384744644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.589540958404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-limb","display_name":"Upper limb","score":0.5672100782394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5056533813476562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grasp","display_name":"GRASP","score":0.47950202226638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.44939547777175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.4309818744659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3852434456348419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3329489231109619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19983038306236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.15455859899520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.14576822519302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.09916672110557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgery","display_name":"Surgery","score":0.08652055263519287}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126231374","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061298","display_name":"Operability","level":2,"score":0.7413074970245361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989316616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6027402","display_name":"Lower limb","level":2,"score":0.6866384744644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.589540958404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776660947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q841423","display_name":"Upper limb","level":2,"score":0.5672100782394409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5056533813476562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171268870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1486676","display_name":"GRASP","level":2,"score":0.47950202226638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.44939547777175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.4309818744659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3852434456348419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3329489231109619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19983038306236267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.15455859899520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.14576822519302368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09916672110557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.08652055263519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3002954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3002954","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09119380.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d4d35147f80f4408b485f9414e5c4b6b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d4d35147f80f4408b485f9414e5c4b6b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 118262-118272 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3002954","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3002954","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09119380.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8299999833106995,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3329065488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19H02053","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035959418.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3035959418.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151252481","https://openalex.org/W1578715854","https://openalex.org/W1971270920","https://openalex.org/W1992880878","https://openalex.org/W2007117523","https://openalex.org/W2031590743","https://openalex.org/W2039487249","https://openalex.org/W2063727238","https://openalex.org/W2079454931","https://openalex.org/W2101848064","https://openalex.org/W2102206501","https://openalex.org/W2102284405","https://openalex.org/W2106353930","https://openalex.org/W2142503238","https://openalex.org/W2150867032","https://openalex.org/W2167949429","https://openalex.org/W2209146469","https://openalex.org/W2322893133","https://openalex.org/W2337046241","https://openalex.org/W2346821111","https://openalex.org/W2463583744","https://openalex.org/W2482243460","https://openalex.org/W2512932721","https://openalex.org/W2513264272","https://openalex.org/W2516457892","https://openalex.org/W2533912595","https://openalex.org/W2543532331","https://openalex.org/W2589755132","https://openalex.org/W2737027105","https://openalex.org/W2754498332","https://openalex.org/W2787078771","https://openalex.org/W2792718123","https://openalex.org/W2897414246","https://openalex.org/W2922376166","https://openalex.org/W2972438483","https://openalex.org/W2992560301","https://openalex.org/W4238078577","https://openalex.org/W4288110758","https://openalex.org/W6606130975","https://openalex.org/W6681020303","https://openalex.org/W6725888084","https://openalex.org/W6726012966","https://openalex.org/W6733535620"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2247901115","https://openalex.org/W2266854102","https://openalex.org/W3042910392","https://openalex.org/W2154569027","https://openalex.org/W2047916152","https://openalex.org/W4396848474","https://openalex.org/W2160750646","https://openalex.org/W3202903156","https://openalex.org/W2022291970","https://openalex.org/W2387112917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"operate":[1],"robots":[2],"and":[3,64,70,112,131,159,193,218,230],"machines":[4],"intuitively,":[5],"interfaces":[6],"using":[7,52,182],"body":[8],"motion":[9,199],"have":[10],"recently":[11],"been":[12,26],"investigated.":[13],"However,":[14],"compared":[15],"to":[16],"the":[17,20,30,38,59,62,68,72,82,85,93,122,128,141,144,153,161,166,171,179,183,188,204,210,224,228,234],"upper":[18,49,63,94,154,211,229],"limbs,":[19],"lower":[21,47,65,86,89,145,149,164,205,231],"limb":[22,50,87,95,146,155,206,212],"operation":[23,40,69,147,168,173,207,213],"has":[24],"not":[25],"fully":[27],"explored.":[28],"In":[29],"present":[31],"paper,":[32],"we":[33],"conducted":[34],"an":[35,42],"experiment":[36],"involving":[37],"six-degree-of-freedom":[39],"of":[41,61,84,92,98,114,143,152,178],"imaginary":[43],"object":[44],"with":[45],"a":[46,53,197],"or":[48],"gesture":[51],"virtual-space-based":[54],"evaluation":[55,108],"system.":[56],"We":[57,120],"analyzed":[58,121],"motions":[60,181],"limbs":[66,232],"in":[67,96,124,165,170,203,209,233],"discussed":[71],"difference":[73,226],"between":[74,227],"their":[75],"characteristics.":[76],"The":[77,137],"experimental":[78],"results":[79,123,138],"showed":[80,186],"that":[81,91,140,151,160,187],"operability":[83],"was":[88,148,163,223],"than":[90,150,169,208],"terms":[97],"time":[99],"by":[100,104,109,117,126,156,174,214],"approximately":[101,105,110,118,157,175,215],"79%,":[102],"accuracy":[103],"109%,":[106],"subjective":[107],"39%,":[111],"frequency":[113],"ON/OFF":[115],"switching":[116],"82%.":[119],"detail":[125],"defining":[127],"operational":[129],"ideality":[130,142,162],"roughness":[132,184],"based":[133],"on":[134],"fuzzy":[135],"estimation.":[136],"clarified":[139],"20\u201325%":[158],"posture":[167,235],"position":[172],"7\u201313%.":[176],"Evaluation":[177],"macro-approaching":[180],"index":[185],"moving":[189],"distance,":[190],"rotating":[191,194],"angle,":[192],"velocity":[195],"for":[196],"single":[198],"were":[200],"all":[201],"smaller":[202],"18%,":[216],"44%,":[217],"33%,":[219],"respectively.":[220],"Consequently,":[221],"there":[222],"main":[225],"operation.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}