{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035533770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3001151","title":"MbGWO-SFS: Modified Binary Grey Wolf Optimizer Based on Stochastic Fractal Search for Feature Selection","display_name":"MbGWO-SFS: Modified Binary Grey Wolf Optimizer Based on Stochastic Fractal Search for Feature Selection","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035533770","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3001151","mag":"3035533770"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3001151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3001151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3001151","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108139013","display_name":"El\u2010Sayed M. El\u2010kenawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0605-647X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"El-Sayed M. El-Kenawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications and Electronics, Delta Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology (DHIET), Mansoura, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications and Electronics, Delta Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology (DHIET), Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020515597","display_name":"Marwa M. Eid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-3566"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marwa Metwally Eid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communications and Electronics, Delta Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology (DHIET), Mansoura, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications and Electronics, Delta Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology (DHIET), Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101928883","display_name":"Mohamed Saber","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2692-9507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I882248123","display_name":"Delta University for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0481xaz04","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I882248123"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Saber","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I882248123"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008946746","display_name":"Abdelhameed Ibrahim\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c\u202c","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8352-6731"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdelhameed Ibrahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Control Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Control Systems, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108139013"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":15.377,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":144,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99237751,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"107635","last_page":"107649"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.5881757736206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.48894941806793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.48479121923446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.4800482988357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.45483866333961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4384026825428009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43558427691459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firefly-algorithm","display_name":"Firefly algorithm","score":0.4295826554298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4272823631763458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.42490315437316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3880707621574402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.38380300998687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3801592290401459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.5881757736206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.48894941806793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.48479121923446655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4800482988357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.45483866333961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4384026825428009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43558427691459656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154982244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5451844","display_name":"Firefly algorithm","level":3,"score":0.4295826554298401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4272823631763458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.42490315437316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3880707621574402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.38380300998687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3801592290401459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3001151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3001151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6669221926994fdd8caf16f96fd722e7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6669221926994fdd8caf16f96fd722e7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 107635-107649 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3001151","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3001151","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14070459","https://openalex.org/W1444952417","https://openalex.org/W1566557213","https://openalex.org/W1929219710","https://openalex.org/W2002979815","https://openalex.org/W2031183907","https://openalex.org/W2038523443","https://openalex.org/W2061438946","https://openalex.org/W2100231112","https://openalex.org/W2207946253","https://openalex.org/W2261079877","https://openalex.org/W2290883490","https://openalex.org/W2425099725","https://openalex.org/W2508541099","https://openalex.org/W2553852618","https://openalex.org/W2571820952","https://openalex.org/W2746418572","https://openalex.org/W2766047633","https://openalex.org/W2770595689","https://openalex.org/W2776226778","https://openalex.org/W2785201102","https://openalex.org/W2801536506","https://openalex.org/W2810858421","https://openalex.org/W2901864827","https://openalex.org/W2902016849","https://openalex.org/W2903133439","https://openalex.org/W2904861085","https://openalex.org/W2917573535","https://openalex.org/W2922396237","https://openalex.org/W2924610876","https://openalex.org/W2944618700","https://openalex.org/W2945932635","https://openalex.org/W2949161208","https://openalex.org/W2965837582","https://openalex.org/W2972038862","https://openalex.org/W2979831826","https://openalex.org/W2986805221","https://openalex.org/W2991479668","https://openalex.org/W3002641258","https://openalex.org/W3010701680","https://openalex.org/W3010922905","https://openalex.org/W6633913540","https://openalex.org/W6640560480"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3005690382","https://openalex.org/W2553122398","https://openalex.org/W2557745602","https://openalex.org/W2183555234","https://openalex.org/W4250494040","https://openalex.org/W4309047791","https://openalex.org/W2014162767","https://openalex.org/W2115729582","https://openalex.org/W2809283963","https://openalex.org/W2367260997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Grey":[0],"Wolf":[1],"Optimizer":[2,227],"(GWO)":[3],"simulates":[4],"the":[5,20,54,59,65,76,81,86,92,97,100,107,115,119,124,139,155,162,167,174,192,195,212,244,247,260,267],"grey":[6],"wolves\u2019":[7],"nature":[8],"in":[9,19,131,277],"leadership":[10],"and":[11,35,61,91,164,223,239],"hunting":[12],"manners.":[13],"GWO":[14,44,67,83,121],"showed":[15],"a":[16,23,41,132,278],"good":[17],"performance":[18],"literature":[21],"as":[22,211],"meta-heuristic":[24],"algorithm":[25,141,269],"for":[26,75,114,128,154,187],"feature":[27,158],"selection":[28],"problems,":[29],"however,":[30],"it":[31,150],"shows":[32],"low":[33],"precision":[34],"slow":[36],"convergence.":[37],"This":[38],"paper":[39],"proposes":[40],"Modified":[42],"Binary":[43],"(MbGWO)":[45],"based":[46],"on":[47],"Stochastic":[48],"Fractal":[49],"Search":[50],"(SFS)":[51],"to":[52,84,95,102,190,203,264],"identify":[53],"main":[55],"features":[56],"by":[57,70,122,253],"achieving":[58],"exploration":[60],"exploitation":[62,90,104],"balance.":[63],"First,":[64],"modified":[66,120],"is":[68,112,185,257],"developed":[69],"applying":[71],"an":[72],"exponential":[73],"form":[74],"number":[77],"of":[78,80,99,110,118,138,157,166,194,198,206,221,246],"iterations":[79],"original":[82,213],"increase":[85,96],"search":[87],"space":[88],"accordingly":[89],"crossover/mutation":[93],"operations":[94],"diversity":[98],"population":[101],"enhance":[103],"capability.":[105],"Then,":[106],"diffusion":[108],"procedure":[109],"SFS":[111],"applied":[113],"best":[116],"solution":[117],"using":[123],"Gaussian":[125],"distribution":[126],"method":[127],"random":[129],"walk":[130],"growth":[133],"process.":[134],"The":[135,181,200,250],"continuous":[136],"values":[137,147],"proposed":[140,168,248,268],"are":[142,179],"then":[143],"converted":[144],"into":[145],"binary":[146,204],"so":[148],"that":[149,266],"can":[151,270],"be":[152],"used":[153,186],"problem":[156],"selection.":[159],"To":[160],"ensure":[161],"stability":[163],"robustness":[165],"MbGWO-SFS":[169],"algorithm,":[170],"nineteen":[171],"datasets":[172],"from":[173],"UCI":[175],"machine":[176],"learning":[177],"repository":[178],"tested.":[180],"K-Nearest":[182],"Neighbor":[183],"(KNN)":[184],"classification":[188],"tasks":[189],"measure":[191],"quality":[193],"selected":[196],"subset":[197],"features.":[199],"results,":[201],"compared":[202],"versions":[205],"the-state-of-the-art":[207],"optimization":[208],"techniques":[209],"such":[210],"GWO,":[214,224],"SFS,":[215],"Particle":[216],"Swarm":[217],"Optimization":[218,230,234],"(PSO),":[219],"hybrid":[220],"PSO":[222],"Satin":[225],"Bowerbird":[226],"(SBO),":[228],"Whale":[229],"Algorithm":[231,237,241],"(WOA),":[232],"Multiverse":[233],"(MVO),":[235],"Firefly":[236],"(FA),":[238],"Genetic":[240],"(GA),":[242],"show":[243],"superiority":[245],"algorithm.":[249],"statistical":[251,279],"analysis":[252],"Wilcoxon\u2019s":[254],"rank-sum":[255],"test":[256],"done":[258],"at":[259],"0.05":[261],"significance":[262],"level":[263],"verify":[265],"work":[271],"significantly":[272],"better":[273],"than":[274],"its":[275],"competitors":[276],"way.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
