{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3033735051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3000231","title":"Jitter-Quantizing-Based TRNG Robust Against PVT Variations","display_name":"Jitter-Quantizing-Based TRNG Robust Against PVT Variations","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3033735051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3000231","mag":"3033735051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3000231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3000231","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09109334.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09109334.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051724280","display_name":"Yingchun Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2621-0933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yingchun Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736309","display_name":"Huaguo Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0307-7236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaguo Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046125484","display_name":"Liang Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4081-6499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100352792","display_name":"Xinyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3676-2408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002665141","display_name":"Haochen Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9219-1662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haochen Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029018913","display_name":"Maoxiang Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5160-0933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maoxiang Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081415353","display_name":"Cuiyun Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuiyun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073810494","display_name":"Zhengfeng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8695-4478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengfeng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Applied Physics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051724280"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.6685,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86432811,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"108482","last_page":"108490"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.8309651613235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.7992405891418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.767889142036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.7218965888023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.565406084060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness-tests","display_name":"Randomness tests","score":0.4640563726425171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.43402621150016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.42418789863586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.42253953218460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3117748200893402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2069580852985382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09740781784057617}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.8309651613235474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.7992405891418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.767889142036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.7218965888023376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.565406084060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18017163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13560113","display_name":"Randomness tests","level":3,"score":0.4640563726425171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.43402621150016785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.42418789863586426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.42253953218460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3117748200893402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2069580852985382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09740781784057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3000231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3000231","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09109334.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2fb85aa018944d8b85f6cc89f0437325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2fb85aa018944d8b85f6cc89f0437325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 108482-108490 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.3000231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3000231","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09109334.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1023919524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2853893995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61574052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6637131806","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61674048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G744300498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61834006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3033735051.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3033735051.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85891167","https://openalex.org/W161240679","https://openalex.org/W170084955","https://openalex.org/W1564219727","https://openalex.org/W1971420172","https://openalex.org/W1990478559","https://openalex.org/W2009344618","https://openalex.org/W2010205010","https://openalex.org/W2016167533","https://openalex.org/W2024191196","https://openalex.org/W2033711887","https://openalex.org/W2040669813","https://openalex.org/W2083238829","https://openalex.org/W2083724486","https://openalex.org/W2106241283","https://openalex.org/W2111264486","https://openalex.org/W2111877940","https://openalex.org/W2117205818","https://openalex.org/W2139901969","https://openalex.org/W2142351551","https://openalex.org/W2167352984","https://openalex.org/W2252778103","https://openalex.org/W2344654957","https://openalex.org/W2362080632","https://openalex.org/W2401371495","https://openalex.org/W2533291033","https://openalex.org/W2613204521","https://openalex.org/W2616035479","https://openalex.org/W2757205152","https://openalex.org/W2768145056","https://openalex.org/W2793953927","https://openalex.org/W2800313005","https://openalex.org/W2801615404","https://openalex.org/W2806185338","https://openalex.org/W2941344053","https://openalex.org/W2947486590","https://openalex.org/W3140517496","https://openalex.org/W6603514575","https://openalex.org/W6648212474","https://openalex.org/W6652668230","https://openalex.org/W6676504147","https://openalex.org/W6680861166","https://openalex.org/W6691305980"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4378574941","https://openalex.org/W236957874","https://openalex.org/W2786245220","https://openalex.org/W2360514482","https://openalex.org/W2109259595","https://openalex.org/W2344061241","https://openalex.org/W2032644301","https://openalex.org/W2316835829","https://openalex.org/W2005418990","https://openalex.org/W3134921237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Security":[0],"is":[1,59,80,96],"critical":[2],"to":[3,42,61,138],"the":[4,8,113],"growing":[5],"popularity":[6],"of":[7,10,108,125],"Internet":[9],"Things(IoT),":[11],"and":[12,39,103,145],"true":[13,73],"random":[14,44,74,89],"number":[15,75],"generator":[16,76],"(TRNG)":[17],"plays":[18],"an":[19],"increasingly":[20],"important":[21],"role":[22],"in":[23,77],"information":[24],"security":[25],"systems.":[26],"Conventional":[27],"TRNGs":[28],"use":[29],"natural":[30],"physical":[31],"stochastic":[32],"processes":[33],"including":[34],"thermal":[35],"noise,":[36],"chaos-based":[37],"circuit,":[38],"so":[40],"on":[41,98],"generate":[43],"numbers.":[45],"These":[46],"analog":[47],"circuits":[48],"based":[49],"TRNG":[50,94],"structures":[51],"often":[52],"consume":[53],"excessive":[54],"hardware":[55],"resources.":[56],"Meanwhile,":[57],"it":[58],"difficult":[60],"incorporate":[62],"them":[63],"into":[64],"digital":[65],"system.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"a":[70,105,122,135],"novel":[71],"all-digital":[72],"SRAM-based":[78],"FPGAs":[79],"proposed":[81,93],"by":[82,142],"using":[83],"Vernier":[84],"technique":[85],"that":[86],"precisely":[87],"quantize":[88],"edge":[90],"jitter.":[91],"The":[92],"design":[95],"implemented":[97],"Xilinx":[99],"Virtex-6":[100],"XC6VLX240T-1FF1156":[101],"FPGA":[102],"shows":[104],"high":[106,119,123],"quality":[107],"randomness":[109],"which":[110],"has":[111],"passed":[112],"NIST":[114],"test":[115],"suite":[116],"with":[117,128],"relatively":[118],"p-values,":[120],"achieves":[121],"throughput":[124],"127":[126],"Mbps":[127],"occupying":[129],"32":[130],"slices.":[131],"Experimental":[132],"results":[133],"show":[134],"good":[136],"tolerance":[137],"bias":[139],"phenomenon":[140],"induced":[141],"process,":[143],"voltage,":[144],"temperature":[146],"variations.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
