{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3033847084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2999722","title":"Two-Level Progressive Attention Convolutional Network for Fine-Grained Image Recognition","display_name":"Two-Level Progressive Attention Convolutional Network for Fine-Grained Image Recognition","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3033847084","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2999722","mag":"3033847084"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2999722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2999722","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09107248.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09107248.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100777767","display_name":"Wei Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6009-6145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hua Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6009-6145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088164","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101584127","display_name":"Ming Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4693-754X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088164","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100408151","display_name":"Bo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8980-6646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088164","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010879609","display_name":"Jiarong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-8083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106645853","display_name":"Changchun University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/007mntk44","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiarong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0377-8083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088164","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106645853"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068018991","display_name":"Deyao Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088164","display_name":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/012rct222","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deyao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088164","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100777767"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210088164","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0788,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79694616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"104985","last_page":"104995"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.9012171030044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7932373881340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7784132957458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.6828590035438538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6751307249069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6555855870246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6344621181488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.5357185006141663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.462698757648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.45046374201774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.39239004254341125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.9012171030044556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7932373881340027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7784132957458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.6828590035438538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6751307249069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6555855870246887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6344621181488037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.5357185006141663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.462698757648468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45046374201774597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.39239004254341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2999722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2999722","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09107248.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:96740aaf9a554889a2933c04b6c3f490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/96740aaf9a554889a2933c04b6c3f490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 104985-104995 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2999722","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2999722","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09107248.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3033847084.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3033847084.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56385144","https://openalex.org/W603908379","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1514535095","https://openalex.org/W1724369340","https://openalex.org/W1797268635","https://openalex.org/W1846799578","https://openalex.org/W1955942245","https://openalex.org/W2104657103","https://openalex.org/W2118696714","https://openalex.org/W2133564696","https://openalex.org/W2138011018","https://openalex.org/W2196615847","https://openalex.org/W2202499615","https://openalex.org/W2207849498","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2460852148","https://openalex.org/W2462457117","https://openalex.org/W2479109623","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2554320282","https://openalex.org/W2604702198","https://openalex.org/W2737725206","https://openalex.org/W2741910023","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2763070548","https://openalex.org/W2773003563","https://openalex.org/W2792513524","https://openalex.org/W2798365843","https://openalex.org/W2807931652","https://openalex.org/W2809430558","https://openalex.org/W2883502031","https://openalex.org/W2888453526","https://openalex.org/W2889814224","https://openalex.org/W2891787551","https://openalex.org/W2891951760","https://openalex.org/W2917452308","https://openalex.org/W2953915809","https://openalex.org/W2962761264","https://openalex.org/W2962798895","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963066927","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2972343969","https://openalex.org/W3008809756","https://openalex.org/W3108870912","https://openalex.org/W3124951096","https://openalex.org/W6618372016","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6630875275","https://openalex.org/W6637556369","https://openalex.org/W6638319203","https://openalex.org/W6638677478","https://openalex.org/W6679434410","https://openalex.org/W6736321067","https://openalex.org/W6754416387","https://openalex.org/W6764782982","https://openalex.org/W6773968463"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953234277","https://openalex.org/W2626256601","https://openalex.org/W2900413183","https://openalex.org/W4390975304","https://openalex.org/W147410782","https://openalex.org/W3022252430","https://openalex.org/W4287804464","https://openalex.org/W3103989898","https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W2810679507"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,38,52,75,119],"learning":[1],"of":[2,21,90,127],"discriminative":[3,110,125],"features":[4,16,154],"is":[5,55,78],"the":[6,19,88,108,115,124,128,133,148,163,177],"key":[7],"for":[8,34],"fine-grained":[9,22,35],"image":[10,23,36],"recognition.":[11,37],"To":[12],"better":[13],"extract":[14,151],"effective":[15],"and":[17,46,171],"improve":[18],"accuracy":[20],"recognition,":[24],"we":[25],"propose":[26],"a":[27,41,47,137],"two-level":[28],"progressive":[29],"attention":[30,91,146],"convolutional":[31],"network":[32],"(TPA-CNN)":[33],"model":[39,120,149],"includes":[40],"multi-channel":[42],"attention-fusion":[43],"(MCAF)":[44],"module":[45,54,77,95,105],"cross-layer":[48],"element-attention":[49],"(CEA)":[50],"module.":[51],"MCAF":[53,94],"used":[56],"to":[57,66,83,132,141],"find":[58],"distinctive":[59],"feature":[60,84,116],"map":[61,85,117],"channels":[62],"which":[63,155],"significantly":[64],"responds":[65],"specific":[67],"regions.":[68],"Inspired":[69],"by":[70,112],"Hierarchical":[71],"Bilinear":[72],"Pooling":[73],"model,":[74],"CEA":[76,104],"further":[79,106,161],"assign":[80],"weight":[81],"values":[82],"elements.":[86,118],"From":[87],"perspective":[89],"visualization":[92],"map,":[93],"can":[96,121,150],"focused":[97],"on":[98,145,168],"one":[99],"or":[100,135],"more":[101],"positive":[102],"regions,":[103],"locates":[107],"most":[109],"regions":[111],"interaction":[113],"between":[114],"dynamically":[122],"search":[123],"region":[126],"image,":[129],"not":[130],"limited":[131],"boost":[134],"crop":[136],"selected":[138],"region.":[139],"Compared":[140],"previous":[142],"models":[143],"basing":[144],"mechanism,":[147],"non-correlated":[152],"part":[153],"spread":[156],"over":[157],"object":[158],"foreground":[159],"areas,":[160],"improving":[162],"recognition":[164],"accuracy.":[165],"Experimental":[166],"results":[167],"CUB-200-2011,":[169],"FGVC-Aircraft,":[170],"Stanford":[172],"Cars":[173],"datasets":[174],"demonstrate":[175],"that":[176],"proposed":[178],"TPA-CNN":[179],"achieves":[180],"competitive":[181],"performance.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}