{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3033597900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2998767","title":"Towards Cost-Efficient Edge Intelligent Computing With Elastic Deployment of Container-Based Microservices","display_name":"Towards Cost-Efficient Edge Intelligent Computing With Elastic Deployment of Container-Based Microservices","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3033597900","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2998767","mag":"3033597900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2998767","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2998767","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09104693.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09104693.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010106841","display_name":"Peng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7033-9315"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7033-9315","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063742204","display_name":"Peizhe Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4298-2471"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peizhe Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Software Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056067943","display_name":"Xinyu Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5117-4914"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070371129","display_name":"Jie Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3476-110X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7828,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85948541,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"102947","last_page":"102957"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8402241468429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microservices","display_name":"Microservices","score":0.8161396384239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.700821042060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.6311950087547302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.616989254951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.5692024230957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/container","display_name":"Container (type theory)","score":0.5509058237075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.48848092555999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.48495936393737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4837512969970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.35586562752723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.24130916595458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19209864735603333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12881895899772644}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8402241468429565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778505942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18344624","display_name":"Microservices","level":3,"score":0.8161396384239197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.700821042060852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6311950087547302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.616989254951477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.5692024230957031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781018962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164884","display_name":"Container (type theory)","level":2,"score":0.5509058237075806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.48848092555999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.48495936393737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4837512969970703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.35586562752723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.24130916595458984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19209864735603333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12881895899772644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2998767","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2998767","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09104693.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c237aff182d44f3fb346f3fcd4137a8c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c237aff182d44f3fb346f3fcd4137a8c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 102947-102957 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2998767","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2998767","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09104693.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6820140081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB1010004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3033597900.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3033597900.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984255960","https://openalex.org/W2026580125","https://openalex.org/W2096125134","https://openalex.org/W2120881346","https://openalex.org/W2416799949","https://openalex.org/W2554427106","https://openalex.org/W2568772110","https://openalex.org/W2786070938","https://openalex.org/W2800748627","https://openalex.org/W2836959296","https://openalex.org/W2890344874","https://openalex.org/W2897323328","https://openalex.org/W2902216855","https://openalex.org/W2934208298","https://openalex.org/W2943031255","https://openalex.org/W2950865323","https://openalex.org/W2962814013","https://openalex.org/W2968429154","https://openalex.org/W2980856918","https://openalex.org/W3004303489","https://openalex.org/W3098486933","https://openalex.org/W3105227206","https://openalex.org/W6756240183"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W4313526662","https://openalex.org/W3111395152","https://openalex.org/W4312996489","https://openalex.org/W3106131444","https://openalex.org/W3216099748","https://openalex.org/W4205963435","https://openalex.org/W4313463379","https://openalex.org/W3214037210"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,5,16,26,37,40,49,56,62,67,78,83,95,106,111,126,131,141,154,160,171,184,190,196],"tremendous":[2],"growth":[3],"of":[4,7,29,198],"Internet":[6],"Things":[8],"(IoT),":[9],"big":[10],"data,":[11],"and":[12,42,59,70,114,136,149,163,195],"artificial":[13],"intelligence":[14],"(AI),":[15],"edge":[17],"computing-based":[18],"service":[19,71],"paradigm":[20],"has":[21],"been":[22],"introduced":[23],"to":[24,76,104,124,189],"meet":[25],"increasing":[27],"demand":[28],"applications.":[30],"To":[31,90],"provide":[32],"efficient":[33],"computing":[34],"services":[35],"at":[36],"network":[38],"edge,":[39],"algorithms":[41],"applications":[43],"are":[44],"generally":[45],"deployed":[46],"based":[47,144,166],"on":[48,145,167],"container-based":[50,96],"microservice":[51,85,97,121],"strategy,":[52],"which":[53,129],"significantly":[54],"impacts":[55],"system":[57,64,80,107,112,134,150,191],"efficiency":[58],"QoS.":[60,137],"Considering":[61],"fundamental":[63],"uncertainties,":[65],"including":[66],"dynamic":[68],"workload":[69],"rate,":[72],"we":[73,93,158],"investigate":[74],"how":[75],"minimize":[77,105],"long-term":[79],"cost":[81,108,135],"through":[82],"elastic":[84,120],"deployment":[86,98,122],"in":[87],"this":[88,91],"paper.":[89],"end,":[92],"formulate":[94],"as":[99],"a":[100,118],"stochastic":[101],"optimization":[102],"problem":[103],"while":[109],"maintaining":[110],"QoS":[113],"stability.":[115],"We":[116],"develop":[117],"cost-aware":[119],"algorithm":[123,139,182],"solve":[125],"formulated":[127],"problem,":[128],"balances":[130],"tradeoff":[132],"between":[133],"Our":[138],"makes":[140],"real-time":[142],"decisions":[143],"current":[146],"queue":[147,193],"backlogs":[148],"states":[151],"without":[152],"predicting":[153],"future":[155],"knowledge.":[156],"Finally,":[157],"conduct":[159],"theoretical":[161],"analysis":[162],"extensive":[164],"simulations":[165],"data":[168],"traces":[169],"from":[170],"ResNet-50":[172],"model-based":[173],"visual":[174],"recognition":[175],"application.":[176],"The":[177],"results":[178],"demonstrate":[179],"that":[180],"our":[181],"outperforms":[183],"baseline":[185],"strategies":[186],"with":[187],"respect":[188],"cost,":[192],"backlogs,":[194],"number":[197],"Pod":[199],"replicas.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
