{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3029485100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2997635","title":"An Efficient Routing Scheme for Intrabody Nanonetworks Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm","display_name":"An Efficient Routing Scheme for Intrabody Nanonetworks Using Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3029485100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2997635","mag":"3029485100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2997635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2997635","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09099834.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09099834.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076643026","display_name":"Hamza Fahim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6537-7691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hamza Fahim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","School of Electronics and Information, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6537-7691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055098237","display_name":"Shumaila Javaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5424-915X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88830068","display_name":"Shaanxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/0170z8493","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}],"countries":["CN","PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shumaila Javaid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5424-915X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88830068"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318418","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2781-4402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065191057","display_name":"Ismail Ben Mabrouk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9381-8300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismail Ben Mabrouk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Networks and Communication Engineering Department, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9381-8300","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Networks and Communication Engineering Department, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072053188","display_name":"Muath Al\u2010Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3629-2987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161913731","display_name":"Al Ain University","ror":"https://ror.org/023abrt21","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muath Al Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Networks and Communication Engineering Department, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3629-2987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Networks and Communication Engineering Department, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161913731"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020213187","display_name":"Muhammad Babar Rasheed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9911-0693"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142204992","display_name":"University of Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/051jrjw38","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Babar Babar Rasheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Electrical Systems, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9911-0693","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Electrical Systems, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142204992"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7427,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8346007,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"98946","last_page":"98957"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9840999841690063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ewma-chart","display_name":"EWMA chart","score":0.8309534788131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.746787428855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6429433822631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5172446370124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5081648826599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.4813147783279419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.4625498652458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4532403349876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19986197352409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.18605059385299683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10546573996543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08216112852096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08187684416770935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74746147","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5324652","display_name":"EWMA chart","level":4,"score":0.8309534788131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.746787428855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6429433822631836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5172446370124817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5081648826599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.4813147783279419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.4625498652458191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4532403349876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19986197352409363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.18605059385299683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10546573996543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08216112852096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08187684416770935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196985124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1369242","display_name":"Control chart","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2997635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2997635","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09099834.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f2c7817439ae42c0bbc50f517cb8837e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f2c7817439ae42c0bbc50f517cb8837e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 98946-98957 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:1172784","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1172784","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2997635","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2997635","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09099834.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1520091003","https://openalex.org/W1646785512","https://openalex.org/W1969582831","https://openalex.org/W1993746212","https://openalex.org/W2051871299","https://openalex.org/W2116194016","https://openalex.org/W2125290396","https://openalex.org/W2127906865","https://openalex.org/W2147590564","https://openalex.org/W2160450528","https://openalex.org/W2168311839","https://openalex.org/W2169064301","https://openalex.org/W2248910223","https://openalex.org/W2280750608","https://openalex.org/W2487038172","https://openalex.org/W2497977333","https://openalex.org/W2514490065","https://openalex.org/W2566476839","https://openalex.org/W2608909892","https://openalex.org/W2734998666","https://openalex.org/W2760370228","https://openalex.org/W2781235574","https://openalex.org/W2782683431","https://openalex.org/W2791675258","https://openalex.org/W2908484171","https://openalex.org/W2912943906","https://openalex.org/W2916446825","https://openalex.org/W2995722353","https://openalex.org/W3006395403","https://openalex.org/W3012368583","https://openalex.org/W3012382858","https://openalex.org/W3017974186","https://openalex.org/W4250179595","https://openalex.org/W6726541571"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054331165","https://openalex.org/W2042250228","https://openalex.org/W2791338065","https://openalex.org/W4385626305","https://openalex.org/W4200608769","https://openalex.org/W1500481227","https://openalex.org/W3006395403","https://openalex.org/W4294551911","https://openalex.org/W2114158132","https://openalex.org/W1993210935"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"Intrabody":[1],"Nanonetwork":[2],"(IBNN)":[3],"is":[4,157,170],"constituted":[5],"by":[6,144],"nanoscale":[7,34,58],"devices":[8,35],"that":[9,96,208,232],"are":[10,44],"implanted":[11],"inside":[12],"the":[13,48,53,71,84,123,130,136,149,154,160,165,172,179,182,185,194,198,202,215,220,233,249],"human":[14],"body":[15],"for":[16,21,77,120,201,213],"monitoring":[17],"of":[18,32,56,73,89,99,126,174,181,204,219,236],"physiological":[19],"parameters":[20],"disease":[22,39],"diagnosis":[23,40],"and":[24,30,41,66,87,91,110,242],"treatment":[25],"purposes.":[26],"The":[27,79,228],"extraordinary":[28],"accuracy":[29],"precision":[31],"these":[33,57,237],"in":[36],"cellular":[37],"level":[38],"drug":[42],"delivery":[43],"envisioned":[45],"to":[46,140,148,159,248],"advance":[47],"traditional":[49],"healthcare":[50,222],"system.":[51],"However,":[52],"feature":[54],"constraints":[55],"devices,":[59],"such":[60],"as":[61,246],"inadequate":[62],"energy":[63,191],"resources,":[64],"topology-unawareness,":[65],"limited":[67],"computational":[68],"power,":[69],"challenges":[70,125],"development":[72],"energy-efficient":[74],"routing":[75,94,124],"protocol":[76,95],"IBNNs.":[78,127],"presented":[80],"work":[81],"concentrates":[82],"on":[83],"primary":[85],"limitations":[86],"responsibilities":[88],"IBNNs":[90,240],"designs":[92],"a":[93],"incorporates":[97],"characteristics":[98],"Exponential":[100],"Weighted":[101],"Moving":[102],"Average":[103],"(EWMA)":[104],"Based":[105,114],"Opportunistic":[106],"Data":[107],"Transmission":[108,117],"(EWMA-ODT)":[109],"Artificial":[111],"Colony":[112],"Algorithm":[113],"Query":[115],"Response":[116],"(ABC-QRT)":[118],"approaches":[119,238],"efficiently":[121],"handling":[122],"In":[128],"EWMA-ODT,":[129],"moving":[131],"Nano":[132,161],"Biosensors":[133],"(NBSs)":[134],"employ":[135],"EWMA":[137],"method":[138],"attributes":[139],"aggregate":[141],"detected":[142,151],"data":[143,156,167,216],"assigning":[145],"high":[146],"weightage":[147],"recent":[150],"information.":[152],"Later,":[153],"aggregated":[155,175],"transmitted":[158],"Router":[162],"(NR)":[163],"when":[164],"direct":[166],"transmission":[168,217],"opportunity":[169],"available,":[171],"reception":[173],"briefs":[176],"NR":[177],"about":[178],"condition":[180],"network":[183],"after":[184],"last":[186],"successful":[187],"interaction":[188],"with":[189,224],"minimum":[190],"consumption.":[192],"Whereas,":[193],"ABC-QRT":[195],"approach":[196],"introduces":[197],"ABC":[199],"algorithm":[200],"selection":[203],"those":[205],"optimal":[206],"NBSs":[207],"have":[209],"maximum":[210],"fitness":[211],"value":[212],"satisfying":[214],"demand":[218],"external":[221],"system":[223],"minimal":[225],"traffic":[226],"overhead.":[227],"simulation":[229],"results":[230],"validate":[231],"joint":[234],"contribution":[235],"enhances":[239],"lifetime":[241],"reduces":[243],"end-to-end":[244],"delay":[245],"compared":[247],"flooding":[250],"scheme.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
