{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3030623999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2997380","title":"Recognizing Automatic Link Establishment Behaviors of a Short-Wave Radio Station by an Improved Unidimensional DenseNet","display_name":"Recognizing Automatic Link Establishment Behaviors of a Short-Wave Radio Station by an Improved Unidimensional DenseNet","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3030623999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2997380","mag":"3030623999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2997380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2997380","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09099529.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09099529.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041922066","display_name":"Zilong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2931-5925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zilong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Countermeasures Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2931-5925","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Countermeasures Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420391","display_name":"Hong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8132-9382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Countermeasures Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Countermeasures Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011317656","display_name":"Yingke Lei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2238-9814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingke Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Countermeasures Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Countermeasures Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016915640","display_name":"Hao Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9268-4678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronic Countermeasures Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronic Countermeasures Institute, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041922066"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2239,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83966557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"96055","last_page":"96064"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9794999957084656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7970764636993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6632038354873657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.5986651182174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.530261218547821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.42285606265068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.35561054944992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2241089940071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.14618352055549622}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7970764636993408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6632038354873657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.5986651182174683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.530261218547821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.42285606265068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.35561054944992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2241089940071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.14618352055549622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2997380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2997380","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09099529.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:71e2b72077434395bfbecbe19641b86a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/71e2b72077434395bfbecbe19641b86a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 96055-96064 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2997380","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2997380","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09099529.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3030623999.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3030623999.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101711129","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2558580397","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2775383661","https://openalex.org/W2792245367","https://openalex.org/W2792481260","https://openalex.org/W2849937493","https://openalex.org/W2884089434","https://openalex.org/W2885073348","https://openalex.org/W2888877664","https://openalex.org/W2890133123","https://openalex.org/W2909538157","https://openalex.org/W2910688461","https://openalex.org/W2913024503","https://openalex.org/W2917008732","https://openalex.org/W2921832018","https://openalex.org/W2941570498","https://openalex.org/W2943270518","https://openalex.org/W2943484928","https://openalex.org/W2946227903","https://openalex.org/W2950925862","https://openalex.org/W2954992643","https://openalex.org/W2958312412","https://openalex.org/W2960671912","https://openalex.org/W2962829974","https://openalex.org/W2962879438","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2964702258","https://openalex.org/W2968893289","https://openalex.org/W2970378081","https://openalex.org/W2972856186","https://openalex.org/W2972968629","https://openalex.org/W2973198612","https://openalex.org/W2973288832","https://openalex.org/W2990673627","https://openalex.org/W2999216308","https://openalex.org/W3100449589","https://openalex.org/W6767517908","https://openalex.org/W7066467187"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996543123","https://openalex.org/W4388516297","https://openalex.org/W4389302182","https://openalex.org/W2010761432","https://openalex.org/W2089955640","https://openalex.org/W4229074657","https://openalex.org/W1978322239","https://openalex.org/W2146363836","https://openalex.org/W2070047532","https://openalex.org/W1562966095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,28,74,87,128],"difficult":[2],"to":[3,30,114,130],"recognize":[4,31,46,131],"Automatic":[5],"Link":[6],"Establishment":[7],"(ALE)":[8],"behaviors":[9,34,134,175],"of":[10,80,112,135,161],"a":[11,136],"short-wave":[12,137],"radio":[13,21,54,138],"station,":[14],"if":[15],"we":[16,44,60],"do":[17],"not":[18],"acquire":[19],"the":[20,53,71,78,84,91,110,125,159],"station's":[22,55],"communication":[23,56],"protocol":[24,57],"standard.":[25,58],"A":[26],"method":[27,127],"proposed":[29,126],"different":[32,132],"ALE":[33,47,116,133,174],"by":[35],"using":[36],"an":[37],"improved":[38,104,141],"unidimensional":[39,92,105],"DenseNet.":[40,149],"In":[41],"this":[42],"work,":[43],"directly":[45],"signals":[48],"in":[49,64,77,102,173],"physical":[50],"layer":[51],"without":[52],"Hence,":[59],"can":[61],"avoid":[62],"difficulties":[63],"demodulation,":[65],"decryption":[66],"and":[67,181],"so":[68,83],"on.":[69],"Actually,":[70],"original":[72,85],"DenseNet":[73,86,142,152],"used":[75,101],"extensively":[76],"field":[79],"computer":[81],"vision,":[82],"firstly":[88],"adapted":[89],"for":[90],"input.":[93],"And":[94,140],"then,":[95],"two":[96],"parallel":[97],"dense":[98,156],"blocks":[99],"are":[100],"our":[103],"DenseNet,":[106],"which":[107],"could":[108],"improve":[109],"capability":[111],"network":[113],"extract":[115],"signals'":[117],"deep":[118],"features.":[119],"The":[120,150],"experimental":[121],"results":[122,160],"show":[123,165],"that":[124,166],"able":[129],"station.":[139],"has":[143],"better":[144],"recognition":[145],"performance":[146,172],"than":[147],"simple":[148,151],"only":[153],"contains":[154],"one":[155],"block.":[157],"Finally,":[158],"comparison":[162],"experiments":[163],"also":[164],"some":[167],"classic":[168],"networks":[169],"have":[170],"worse":[171],"recognition,":[176],"such":[177],"as":[178],"LeNet-5,":[179],"ResNet-34,":[180],"DenseNet-121.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}