{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3028577876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2995567","title":"Cardiomegaly Detection on Chest Radiographs: Segmentation Versus Classification","display_name":"Cardiomegaly Detection on Chest Radiographs: Segmentation Versus Classification","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3028577876","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2995567","mag":"3028577876"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2995567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2995567","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09096290.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09096290.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013479475","display_name":"Ecem Sogancioglu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8850-8121"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ecem Sogancioglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8850-8121","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053348129","display_name":"Keelin Murphy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6831-4020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keelin Murphy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000906476","display_name":"Erdi \u00c7all\u0131","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3962-7276"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erdi Calli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076461780","display_name":"Ernst T. Scholten","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernst T. Scholten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074610940","display_name":"Steven Schalekamp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3984-3596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Schalekamp","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042982766","display_name":"Bram van Ginneken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2028-8972"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","display_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","ror":"https://ror.org/016xsfp80","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802934949","display_name":"Radboud University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05wg1m734","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bram Van Ginneken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Diagnostic Image Analysis Group, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013479475"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145872427","https://openalex.org/I2802934949"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.7586,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94835736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"94631","last_page":"94642"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.987500011920929,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11894","display_name":"Radiology practices and education","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7685651183128357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.7053079605102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperparameter","display_name":"Hyperparameter","score":0.6932482719421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6895641088485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6856775879859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiography","display_name":"Radiography","score":0.5615421533584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5285030007362366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4440808892250061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.32002949714660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.29063472151756287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.23428431153297424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7685651183128357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.7053079605102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8642999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4171168","display_name":"Hyperparameter","level":2,"score":0.6932482719421387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6895641088485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6856775879859924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.5615421533584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5285030007362366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4440808892250061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.32002949714660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29063472151756287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.23428431153297424}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2995567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2995567","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09096290.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:ru:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/220277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2066/220277","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2066/220277","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401843","display_name":"Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1322597698","host_organization_name":"Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322597698"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, 8, 94631 - 94642","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9fad30d8aeb74cd287d5c0af5fdc70ce","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9fad30d8aeb74cd287d5c0af5fdc70ce","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 94631-94642 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.ubn.ru.nl:2066/220277","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2066/220277","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401067","display_name":"Radboud Repository (Radboud University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145872427","host_organization_name":"Radboud University Nijmegen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145872427"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article / Letter to editor"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2995567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2995567","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09096290.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.44999998807907104}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4417598090","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P15-26","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","funder_display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G623399117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"P15-26","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334893","funder_display_name":"Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334893","display_name":"Stichting voor de Technische Wetenschappen","ror":"https://ror.org/057tq3593"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3028577876.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3028577876.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1437335841","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1964404845","https://openalex.org/W2018153793","https://openalex.org/W2024798729","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2054459636","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2142514727","https://openalex.org/W2146272590","https://openalex.org/W2146502635","https://openalex.org/W2152772232","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2320139349","https://openalex.org/W2591789961","https://openalex.org/W2611650229","https://openalex.org/W2618574054","https://openalex.org/W2767106145","https://openalex.org/W2791966318","https://openalex.org/W2799108307","https://openalex.org/W2897666251","https://openalex.org/W2898859377","https://openalex.org/W2901954625","https://openalex.org/W2903686131","https://openalex.org/W2912664121","https://openalex.org/W2921123293","https://openalex.org/W2929617806","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2962838801","https://openalex.org/W2963285578","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963454111","https://openalex.org/W2963466845","https://openalex.org/W2963942157","https://openalex.org/W2986571455","https://openalex.org/W2995225687","https://openalex.org/W3101156210","https://openalex.org/W4295608163","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6681435938","https://openalex.org/W6685562342","https://openalex.org/W6700115065","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6734153230","https://openalex.org/W6737985840","https://openalex.org/W6739879593","https://openalex.org/W6745119210","https://openalex.org/W6748557511","https://openalex.org/W6748973254","https://openalex.org/W6750490547","https://openalex.org/W6758687326"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390421286","https://openalex.org/W4280563792","https://openalex.org/W2140186469","https://openalex.org/W4389724018","https://openalex.org/W4318719684","https://openalex.org/W2775233965","https://openalex.org/W4318559728","https://openalex.org/W4360995913","https://openalex.org/W4312193868","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"study,":[2],"we":[3],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,28,45,48,67,119,130,145,155,172],"detection":[6],"of":[7,47,93,129,136,152,167],"cardiomegaly":[8,99,143],"on":[9,90],"frontal":[10],"chest":[11,42,59,180],"radiographs":[12,43,60,181],"through":[13,72],"two":[14,104],"alternative":[15],"deep-learning":[16],"approaches":[17],"-":[18],"via":[19,23],"anatomical":[20],"segmentation":[21,38],"and":[22,33,36,78,116],"image-level":[24,62],"classification.":[25],"We":[26,169],"used":[27],"publicly":[29],"available":[30],"ChestX-ray14":[31],"dataset,":[32],"obtained":[34],"heart":[35],"lung":[37],"annotations":[39,100],"for":[40,44,97,141],"778":[41],"development":[46],"segmentation-based":[49,131,156,173],"approach.":[50],"The":[51,85,127],"classification-based":[52,146],"method":[53],"was":[54],"trained":[55],"with":[56,61,133],"65k":[57],"standard":[58],"labels.":[63],"For":[64],"both":[65],"approaches,":[66],"best":[68],"models":[69,87],"were":[70,82,88,101,125],"found":[71],"hyperparameter":[73],"searches":[74],"where":[75],"architectural,":[76],"learning,":[77],"regularization":[79],"related":[80],"parameters":[81],"optimized":[83],"systematically.":[84],"resulting":[86],"tested":[89],"a":[91,184],"set":[92],"367":[94],"held-out":[95],"images":[96],"which":[98,148],"hand-labeled":[102],"by":[103],"independent":[105,163],"expert":[106,164],"radiologists.":[107],"Sensitivity,":[108],"specificity,":[109],"positive":[110],"predictive":[111,114],"value,":[112,115],"negative":[113],"area":[117],"under":[118],"receiver":[120],"operating":[121],"characteristic":[122],"curve":[123],"(AUC)":[124],"calculated.":[126],"performance":[128,160],"system":[132],"an":[134,150,162],"AUC":[135,151],"0.977":[137],"is":[138],"significantly":[139],"better":[140,186],"classifying":[142],"than":[144],"model":[147,157,174],"achieved":[149,158],"0.941.":[153],"Only":[154],"comparable":[159],"to":[161,182],"reader":[165],"(AUC":[166],"0.978).":[168],"conclude":[170],"that":[171],"requires":[175],"100":[176],"times":[177],"fewer":[178],"annotated":[179],"achieve":[183],"substantially":[185],"performance,":[187],"while":[188],"also":[189],"producing":[190],"more":[191],"interpretable":[192],"results.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
