{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3027048570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2995481","title":"A Privacy Preserving Distributed Ledger Framework for Global Human Resource Record Management: The Blockchain Aspect","display_name":"A Privacy Preserving Distributed Ledger Framework for Global Human Resource Record Management: The Blockchain Aspect","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3027048570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2995481","mag":"3027048570"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2995481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2995481","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09095290.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09095290.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007596905","display_name":"Tai-hoon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0117-8102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tai-Hoon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075848381","display_name":"Gulshan Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0026-149X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gulshan Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059124651","display_name":"Rahul Saha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3921-9512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rahul Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086457933","display_name":"Mritunjay Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1724-0636"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mritunjay Kumar Rai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068020099","display_name":"William J. Buchanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-3523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William J. Buchanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blockpass ID Laboratory, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blockpass ID Laboratory, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039416437","display_name":"Reji Thomas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3588-2317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110360157","display_name":"Lovely Professional University","ror":"https://ror.org/00et6q107","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reji Thomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","School of Physical Science and Chemical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Science and Chemical Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110360157"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018409592","display_name":"Mamoun Alazab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-3704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29894533","display_name":"Charles Darwin University","ror":"https://ror.org/048zcaj52","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamoun Alazab","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007596905"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":10.0099,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98109271,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"96455","last_page":"96467"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9890999794006348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8071238398551941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6940481662750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/usability","display_name":"Usability","score":0.5797926187515259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5566853284835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5085874795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.5046237707138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.5018198490142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.4919385612010956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-point-of-failure","display_name":"Single point of failure","score":0.4447070062160492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-management","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","score":0.4380711615085602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptocurrency","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","score":0.41314253211021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.13511726260185242}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8071238398551941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6940481662750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.5797926187515259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5566853284835815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5085874795913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.5046237707138062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.5018198490142822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.4919385612010956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165136773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363179","display_name":"Single point of failure","level":2,"score":0.4447070062160492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4380711615085602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.41314253211021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.13511726260185242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2995481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2995481","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09095290.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8ea4ced6ba844139aaff6679f35777a2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8ea4ced6ba844139aaff6679f35777a2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 96455-96467 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:napier-surface.worktribe.com:2665945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://napier-surface.worktribe.com/2665945/1/A%20Privacy%20Preserving%20Distributed%20Ledger%20Framework%20for%20Global%20Human%20Resource%20Record%20Management%3A%20The%20Blockchain%20Aspect","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400544","display_name":"Research Output (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository@napier.ac.uk:2665945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2665945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402591","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier Research Repository (Edinburgh Napier University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I251738","host_organization_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2995481","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2995481","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09095290.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4000000059604645,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3027048570.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3027048570.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73258301","https://openalex.org/W397107425","https://openalex.org/W606105505","https://openalex.org/W1662502614","https://openalex.org/W1996360405","https://openalex.org/W2019002685","https://openalex.org/W2028065906","https://openalex.org/W2066427096","https://openalex.org/W2075885005","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2190860902","https://openalex.org/W2287172695","https://openalex.org/W2346866748","https://openalex.org/W2559975580","https://openalex.org/W2583196035","https://openalex.org/W2614900552","https://openalex.org/W2753661786","https://openalex.org/W2758029476","https://openalex.org/W2769903624","https://openalex.org/W2783038397","https://openalex.org/W2789901505","https://openalex.org/W2791935104","https://openalex.org/W2792287348","https://openalex.org/W2793213193","https://openalex.org/W2801074608","https://openalex.org/W2803371618","https://openalex.org/W2811197371","https://openalex.org/W2889347099","https://openalex.org/W2894955077","https://openalex.org/W2900773116","https://openalex.org/W2901477756","https://openalex.org/W2901598045","https://openalex.org/W2904846776","https://openalex.org/W2910815950","https://openalex.org/W2910972514","https://openalex.org/W2922078519","https://openalex.org/W2940791172","https://openalex.org/W2941030414","https://openalex.org/W2944698605","https://openalex.org/W2944910044","https://openalex.org/W2945335951","https://openalex.org/W2946193070","https://openalex.org/W2946233782","https://openalex.org/W2961077964","https://openalex.org/W2963591109","https://openalex.org/W2963993810","https://openalex.org/W2965898445","https://openalex.org/W2977755177","https://openalex.org/W2981165461","https://openalex.org/W2990303645","https://openalex.org/W2993119222","https://openalex.org/W2994173739","https://openalex.org/W2999748665","https://openalex.org/W3015615481","https://openalex.org/W4232836212","https://openalex.org/W4242700969","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4300072972"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4303984095","https://openalex.org/W3195581271","https://openalex.org/W2119341411"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"is":[1,76],"a":[2,77,97,103],"technology":[3,28],"used":[4,96,132],"with":[5,69,114,119,124,128,146],"the":[6,15,19,31,43,52,87,152,172,175,178],"series":[7],"of":[8,18,26,37,45,54,83,89,151,171,177],"users":[9],"in":[10,39,80],"peer-to-peer":[11],"transactions":[12],"to":[13,34,62,133],"utilize":[14],"usability":[16],"properties":[17],"immutable":[20],"data":[21,60],"records.":[22],"The":[23,169],"distributed":[24,142],"nature":[25],"this":[27,46,81],"has":[29,155],"given":[30],"wide":[32],"acceptance":[33],"its":[35],"range":[36],"applications":[38],"various":[40],"sectors.":[41],"Seeing":[42],"prospect":[44],"new":[47],"technology,":[48],"we":[49],"have":[50,95],"chosen":[51],"field":[53,82],"human":[55,90,107],"resource":[56,91,108],"management":[57],"as":[58],"these":[59],"needs":[61],"be":[63],"privacy":[64,98,125,147],"preserving":[65,99],"and":[66,117,137,166],"confidential":[67],"along":[68,123],"significant":[70],"research":[71],"value.":[72],"Distributed":[73],"ledger":[74],"approach":[75],"novel":[78],"idea":[79],"work":[84,154],"specifically":[85],"for":[86,106],"application":[88],"records":[92],"management.":[93,110],"We":[94],"framework":[100],"that":[101],"provides":[102],"transparent":[104],"system":[105],"record":[109],"Wallets":[111],"are":[112,131],"generated":[113],"organization":[115],"id":[116],"outputting":[118],"public-private":[120],"key":[121],"pair":[122],"parameter":[126],"mapping":[127],"hash.":[129],"Keys":[130],"provide":[134],"confidentiality,":[135],"integrity":[136],"authentication.":[138],"Smart":[139],"contract":[140],"uses":[141],"but":[143],"converged":[144],"decision":[145],"level":[148],"classification.":[149],"Performance":[150],"proposed":[153],"been":[156],"measured":[157],"based":[158],"on":[159],"time,":[160],"memory":[161],"consumptions,":[162],"failure":[163],"point":[164],"identification":[165],"read-write":[167],"latencies.":[168],"analysis":[170],"results":[173],"confirms":[174],"efficiency":[176],"system.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}