{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3028366743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2995389","title":"Combining Trunk Detection With Canopy Segmentation to Delineate Single Deciduous Trees Using Airborne LiDAR Data","display_name":"Combining Trunk Detection With Canopy Segmentation to Delineate Single Deciduous Trees Using Airborne LiDAR Data","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3028366743","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2995389","mag":"3028366743"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2995389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2995389","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09095279.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09095279.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045201674","display_name":"Xiaohu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6891-5598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I96478251","display_name":"Hunan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04n3k2k71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I96478251"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China","School of Electrical Information Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6891-5598","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Information Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I96478251"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101721789","display_name":"Yizhuo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3827-5870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090964624","display_name":"Ze Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6261-6279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ze Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9747,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72216774,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"99783","last_page":"99796"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11880","display_name":"Forest ecology and management","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2309","display_name":"Nature and Landscape Conservation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12713","display_name":"Forest Ecology and Biodiversity Studies","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.7121281623840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canopy","display_name":"Canopy","score":0.685535728931427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6698602437973022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.6347111463546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.5419086217880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.49427223205566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.478807270526886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deciduous","display_name":"Deciduous","score":0.4656774401664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree-canopy","display_name":"Tree canopy","score":0.4344484210014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4026902914047241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.32943636178970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.16890916228294373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.0976317822933197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.7121281623840332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.685535728931427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6698602437973022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.6347111463546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.5419086217880249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.49427223205566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.478807270526886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33283694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131316","display_name":"Deciduous","level":2,"score":0.4656774401664734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39807119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134228","display_name":"Tree canopy","level":3,"score":0.4344484210014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4026902914047241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.32943636178970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16890916228294373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0976317822933197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2995389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2995389","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09095279.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8049cd26ebaa47a29de1401b1245d1e6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8049cd26ebaa47a29de1401b1245d1e6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 99783-99796 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2995389","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2995389","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09095279.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Life in Land","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5335446672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017GK2160","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321471","funder_display_name":"Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309825","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321471","display_name":"Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/04qgr7x96"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3028366743.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3028366743.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W600210939","https://openalex.org/W629984966","https://openalex.org/W1156515331","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1893090633","https://openalex.org/W2043047386","https://openalex.org/W2065030504","https://openalex.org/W2065258204","https://openalex.org/W2067853114","https://openalex.org/W2069975764","https://openalex.org/W2073597988","https://openalex.org/W2080080852","https://openalex.org/W2080157231","https://openalex.org/W2087667361","https://openalex.org/W2101907415","https://openalex.org/W2121748258","https://openalex.org/W2131058553","https://openalex.org/W2137933418","https://openalex.org/W2143772210","https://openalex.org/W2145989165","https://openalex.org/W2165044919","https://openalex.org/W2165148193","https://openalex.org/W2174904160","https://openalex.org/W2188738748","https://openalex.org/W2324285853","https://openalex.org/W2325115425","https://openalex.org/W2485925297","https://openalex.org/W2502492540","https://openalex.org/W2541777388","https://openalex.org/W2588519644","https://openalex.org/W2736175644","https://openalex.org/W2757142005","https://openalex.org/W2871665063","https://openalex.org/W2953484502","https://openalex.org/W2972564282","https://openalex.org/W2972911440","https://openalex.org/W2981841794","https://openalex.org/W2996197927","https://openalex.org/W3008220642","https://openalex.org/W6637131181","https://openalex.org/W6771899669"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376","https://openalex.org/W2045211767","https://openalex.org/W2056219210","https://openalex.org/W2383716249","https://openalex.org/W23916517","https://openalex.org/W4386506415","https://openalex.org/W2497950047","https://openalex.org/W1998329507","https://openalex.org/W2053112303"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"minimize":[1],"omission":[2],"and":[3,39,50,86,105,123,162,181,210],"commission":[4],"errors":[5],"due":[6],"to":[7],"the":[8,46,51,58,71,80,94,119,124,147,157,163,182,195],"lack":[9],"of":[10,13,66,113,153,156,176,185],"adequate":[11],"utilization":[12],"forest":[14,144],"structure":[15,107],"information,":[16],"this":[17,114],"paper":[18],"presents":[19],"a":[20,140],"tree":[21,34,135,177,186],"delineation":[22],"approach":[23,115,197],"by":[24,44],"combining":[25],"trunk":[26,35,120],"detection":[27,121],"with":[28,68],"canopy":[29,125],"segmentation.":[30],"First,":[31],"all":[32],"potential":[33,200],"points":[36,53],"are":[37,54,90,100,160],"detected":[38,84],"detached":[40],"from":[41,102,205],"leaf-off":[42],"data":[43,78],"analyzing":[45],"points'":[47],"vertical":[48],"histogram,":[49],"obtained":[52],"then":[55,91],"clustered":[56],"using":[57,76,93],"method":[59,149],"based":[60],"on":[61],"DBSCAN":[62],"(Density-Based":[63],"Spatial":[64],"Clustering":[65],"Application":[67],"Noise).":[69],"Meanwhile,":[70],"canopy-based":[72],"segmentation":[73,126,165],"is":[74,109,167,179,188],"implemented":[75],"leaf-on":[77],"within":[79],"same":[81],"plot.":[82],"The":[83,111,169,191],"trunks":[85],"delineated":[87],"crown":[88],"segments":[89],"combined":[92],"matching":[95],"rules.":[96],"Finally,":[97],"single":[98,203],"trees":[99,159,204],"isolated":[101],"point":[103,208],"clouds,":[104],"tree-level":[106,212],"information":[108],"estimated.":[110],"novelty":[112],"lies":[116],"in":[117,139,215],"that":[118,146,194],"results":[122,127,138,192],"serve":[128],"as":[129],"mutual":[130],"references":[131],"for":[132,201],"final":[133],"individual":[134],"delineation.":[136],"Experimental":[137],"canopy-closed":[141],"deciduous":[142,216],"natural":[143],"show":[145],"presented":[148,196],"can":[150],"identify":[151],"84.0%":[152],"trees,":[154],"90.7%":[155],"identified":[158],"correct,":[161],"total":[164],"accuracy":[166],"87.2%.":[168],"determination":[170],"coefficient":[171],"R":[172],"<sup":[173],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[174],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[175],"height":[178],"0.96,":[180],"mean":[183],"difference":[184],"position":[187],"76":[189],"cm.":[190],"imply":[193],"has":[198],"good":[199],"isolating":[202],"airborne":[206],"LiDAR":[207],"clouds":[209],"estimating":[211],"structural":[213],"parameters":[214],"forests.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}