{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3026033783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2994361","title":"Performance Analysis of Mixed Interference Aligned MIMO RF/Unified FSO DF Relaying With Heterodyne Detection and Two IMDD Models","display_name":"Performance Analysis of Mixed Interference Aligned MIMO RF/Unified FSO DF Relaying With Heterodyne Detection and Two IMDD Models","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3026033783","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2994361","mag":"3026033783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2994361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2994361","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09093018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09093018.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091230617","display_name":"Omer Mahmoud Salih Al-Ebraheemy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2457-1249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omer Mahmoud Salih Al-Ebraheemy","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2457-1249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058820577","display_name":"Anas M. Salhab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6777-0718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anas M. Salhab","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073646134","display_name":"Mohammed El\u2010Absi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0410-9030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62318514","display_name":"University of Duisburg-Essen","ror":"https://ror.org/04mz5ra38","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed El-Absi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Signal Processing Institute, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0410-9030","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Signal Processing Institute, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62318514"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087004954","display_name":"Salam A. Zummo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-0724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salam A. Zummo","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8517-0724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088692076","display_name":"Salama Ikki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3868-4447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salama S. Ikki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.7066,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69273353,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"93297","last_page":"93308"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.674297034740448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5666736364364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5523633360862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.5137673616409302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rayleigh-fading","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","score":0.5092934370040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4914454221725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-gain","display_name":"Diversity gain","score":0.4712814688682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.4520277678966522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.42371511459350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.42281925678253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterodyne-detection","display_name":"Heterodyne detection","score":0.41870853304862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-over-fiber","display_name":"Radio over fiber","score":0.41147780418395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3736528158187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3619627356529236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3075870871543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3055378496646881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26954543590545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.26420170068740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.21214130520820618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1989264190196991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14311757683753967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.674297034740448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5666736364364624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5523633360862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.5137673616409302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56985126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q854039","display_name":"Rayleigh fading","level":4,"score":0.5092934370040894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4914454221725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164785522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283966","display_name":"Diversity gain","level":4,"score":0.4712814688682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.4520277678966522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.42371511459350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.42281925678253174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204003914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760140","display_name":"Heterodyne detection","level":3,"score":0.41870853304862976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780113332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16045086","display_name":"Radio over fiber","level":3,"score":0.41147780418395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3736528158187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3619627356529236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3075870871543884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3055378496646881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26954543590545654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.26420170068740845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.21214130520820618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1989264190196991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14311757683753967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2994361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2994361","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09093018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c6441fb1b1834c56b65f58da0b411698","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c6441fb1b1834c56b65f58da0b411698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 93297-93308 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2994361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2994361","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09093018.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5387382730","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DF181024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","funder_display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6679414914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DF181024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322804","funder_display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322804","display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3026033783.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3026033783.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W571270299","https://openalex.org/W774483632","https://openalex.org/W972130887","https://openalex.org/W1491247725","https://openalex.org/W1979408141","https://openalex.org/W1982892759","https://openalex.org/W1988628725","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2021986135","https://openalex.org/W2072482394","https://openalex.org/W2075640156","https://openalex.org/W2091147915","https://openalex.org/W2111201239","https://openalex.org/W2120827491","https://openalex.org/W2128830419","https://openalex.org/W2168095411","https://openalex.org/W2169193700","https://openalex.org/W2243041688","https://openalex.org/W2263466419","https://openalex.org/W2290461900","https://openalex.org/W2293033173","https://openalex.org/W2331688265","https://openalex.org/W2339019390","https://openalex.org/W2412155097","https://openalex.org/W2493309683","https://openalex.org/W2518842712","https://openalex.org/W2562623668","https://openalex.org/W2598310917","https://openalex.org/W2737121216","https://openalex.org/W2791771420","https://openalex.org/W2798333393","https://openalex.org/W2910666727","https://openalex.org/W3008609509","https://openalex.org/W4301253858","https://openalex.org/W6625260758"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152088989","https://openalex.org/W2756419127","https://openalex.org/W2120807897","https://openalex.org/W2103701079","https://openalex.org/W2076148615","https://openalex.org/W2380546977","https://openalex.org/W2121913003","https://openalex.org/W3104937183","https://openalex.org/W2534849553","https://openalex.org/W4297823741"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"considers":[2],"a":[3,23,54],"dual-hop":[4],"decode-and-forward":[5],"(DF)":[6],"mixed":[7],"radio":[8],"frequency":[9],"(RF)/free":[10],"space":[11],"optical":[12],"(FSO)":[13],"relaying":[14],"scheme.":[15],"In":[16,82,190],"this":[17,83,104,112],"scheme,":[18,147],"the":[19,32,62,70,85,93,100,108,116,125,145,154,163,174,180,192,199,204,220],"first":[20],"hop":[21,34,97],"is":[22,35,59,90,120,134,185,195],"multiple-input":[24],"multiple-output":[25],"(MIMO)":[26],"RF":[27,64,95],"interference":[28,131],"channel":[29,38,166,184],"(IC),":[30],"while":[31],"second":[33],"an":[36],"FSO":[37,71,165],"in":[39,53,92,111,160,187],"which":[40],"heterodyne":[41],"detection":[42,49],"(HD)":[43],"as":[44,46],"well":[45],"intensity":[47],"modulation-direct":[48],"(IMDD)":[50],"are":[51,151,169,211],"considered":[52,146],"unified":[55],"analysis":[56],"manner.":[57],"It":[58],"assumed":[60],"that":[61,218],"MIMO":[63,94],"links":[65],"follow":[66],"Rayleigh":[67],"fading,":[68],"whilst":[69],"link":[72],"encounters":[73],"M\u00e1laga":[74],"($\\mathcal":[75],"{M}$":[76],")":[77],"fading":[78],"with":[79],"pointing":[80],"errors.":[81],"work,":[84],"Interference":[86],"alignment":[87],"(IA)":[88],"technique":[89],"utilized":[91],"IC":[96],"to":[98,106],"eliminate":[99],"interference,":[101],"and":[102,114,129,157,207,223],"hence":[103],"leads":[105],"enhance":[107],"multiplexing":[109],"gain":[110,209],"hop,":[113],"accordingly":[115],"overall":[117],"system":[118,193],"performance":[119,194],"improved.":[121],"The":[122],"design":[123],"of":[124],"IA":[126],"precoding":[127],"matrix":[128,133],"receiving":[130],"eliminating":[132],"performed":[135],"by":[136],"using":[137],"adapting":[138],"orthogonalized":[139],"minimum":[140],"leakage":[141],"(OR-ML)":[142],"algorithm.":[143],"For":[144],"exact":[148],"closed-form":[149],"expressions":[150,162],"derived":[152],"for":[153],"outage":[155],"probability":[156],"ergodic":[158],"capacity,":[159],"these":[161,188],"best-known":[164],"capacity":[167],"results":[168,217],"utilized.":[170],"Moreover,":[171],"not":[172],"only":[173],"IMDD":[175,181],"input-independent":[176],"AWGN":[177,183],"but":[178],"also":[179],"cost-dependent":[182],"analyzed":[186],"investigations.":[189],"addition,":[191],"studied":[196],"asymptotically":[197],"at":[198],"high":[200],"SNRs":[201],"region,":[202],"where":[203],"diversity":[205],"order":[206],"coding":[208],"analyses":[210],"illustrated.":[212],"Further,":[213],"we":[214],"allocate":[215],"simulation":[216],"verify":[219],"deduced":[221],"analytical":[222],"asymptotic":[224],"expressions.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}