{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3024514045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2993692","title":"Stator Single-Line-to-Ground Fault Protection for Bus-Connected Powerformers Based on S-Transform and Bagging Ensemble Learning","display_name":"Stator Single-Line-to-Ground Fault Protection for Bus-Connected Powerformers Based on S-Transform and Bagging Ensemble Learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3024514045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2993692","mag":"3024514045"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2993692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2993692","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09090844.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09090844.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100330294","display_name":"Yuanyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9575-3712"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016326162","display_name":"Yongsheng Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4235-9807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongsheng Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114348381","display_name":"Xiangjun Zeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangjun Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450156","display_name":"Jun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9896-6898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101888365","display_name":"Yang Kong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3817-9785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Kong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084469129","display_name":"Shanfeng Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9120-357X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56934997","display_name":"Changsha University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03yph8055","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanfeng Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100330294"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56934997"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.6315,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83223766,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"88322","last_page":"88332"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10972","display_name":"Power Systems Fault Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6149277687072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stator","display_name":"Stator","score":0.6126835942268372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5733354687690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4420918822288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4316585958003998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-vector","display_name":"Feature vector","score":0.4294431805610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.42024335265159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4156973361968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3948304057121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35233888030052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24434718489646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08053037524223328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6149277687072754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776529397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190312","display_name":"Stator","level":2,"score":0.6126835942268372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5733354687690735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4420918822288513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4316585958003998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.4294431805610657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.42024335265159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4156973361968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3948304057121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35233888030052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24434718489646912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08053037524223328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2993692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2993692","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09090844.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:98066724aaa34a928b39036f14ee29c7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/98066724aaa34a928b39036f14ee29c7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 88322-88332 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2993692","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2993692","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09090844.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3180890778","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"kq1901104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336753","funder_display_name":"Changsha Science and Technology Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4020255992","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4204667289","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51777014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7437864264","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201906","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335769","display_name":"Graduate Research and Innovation Projects of Jiangsu Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336753","display_name":"Changsha Science and Technology Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3024514045.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3024514045.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974740361","https://openalex.org/W1986754283","https://openalex.org/W1995498798","https://openalex.org/W2020200072","https://openalex.org/W2021047474","https://openalex.org/W2065172675","https://openalex.org/W2076139712","https://openalex.org/W2093889695","https://openalex.org/W2135850590","https://openalex.org/W2171128440","https://openalex.org/W2343321742","https://openalex.org/W2495765522","https://openalex.org/W2520599539","https://openalex.org/W2542145506","https://openalex.org/W2595804853","https://openalex.org/W2761075141","https://openalex.org/W2790176663","https://openalex.org/W2791476299","https://openalex.org/W2803229189","https://openalex.org/W2884792776","https://openalex.org/W2913289332","https://openalex.org/W2921333516","https://openalex.org/W2953699773","https://openalex.org/W2954155792","https://openalex.org/W2973285597","https://openalex.org/W6723958532"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W623794290","https://openalex.org/W2372255233","https://openalex.org/W2361693169","https://openalex.org/W2130828945","https://openalex.org/W2360961134","https://openalex.org/W2943302342","https://openalex.org/W2350949866","https://openalex.org/W2325040020","https://openalex.org/W2039525340","https://openalex.org/W1960586125"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"order":[1],"to":[2,46,57,105,111,162],"achieve":[3],"selective":[4],"ground":[5],"fault":[6,27,63,121,134,149],"protection":[7,17,28,157],"for":[8,30],"bus-connected":[9,31],"Powerformers":[10,32],"and":[11,37,68,79,86,101,137,167,185],"improve":[12],"the":[13,16,48,54,59,72,75,80,106,123,148,164,172],"reliability":[14],"of":[15],"scheme,":[18],"this":[19],"paper":[20],"presents":[21],"a":[22,131],"novel":[23,124],"stator":[24,132],"single-line-to-ground":[25],"(SLG)":[26],"scheme":[29,43,125,158],"based":[33],"on":[34],"S-transform":[35],"(ST)":[36],"bagging":[38,107],"ensemble":[39,108],"learning":[40,109],"algorithm.":[41],"The":[42,91,155],"utilizes":[44],"ST":[45],"decompose":[47],"zero-sequence":[49,81],"current":[50],"signals":[51],"acquired":[52],"from":[53,98,142],"Powerformer":[55,130],"terminal":[56],"obtain":[58],"amplitude-time-frequency":[60],"matrix.":[61],"Then,":[62],"features":[64,70],"extraction":[65],"is":[66,95,135,151],"presented,":[67],"three":[69],"including":[71],"transient":[73],"energy,":[74],"comprehensive":[76],"correlation":[77],"coefficient,":[78],"active":[82],"power":[83],"are":[84],"discussed":[85],"selected":[87],"as":[88,103],"feature":[89,99],"vectors.":[90],"calculated":[92],"data":[93],"set":[94,163],"then":[96],"extracted":[97],"vectors":[100],"used":[102],"inputs":[104],"algorithm":[110],"detect":[112,127,139],"faults.":[113,192],"Simulation":[114],"results":[115],"have":[116],"shown":[117],"that,":[118],"under":[119],"different":[120],"conditions,":[122],"can":[126,138],"in":[128,190],"which":[129],"SLG":[133],"occurring":[136],"internal":[140],"faults":[141,144],"external":[143],"reliably":[145],"even":[146],"if":[147],"resistance":[150],"at":[152],"8000":[153],"\u03a9.":[154],"proposed":[156,173],"does":[159],"not":[160],"need":[161],"threshold":[165],"value":[166],"has":[168],"noise-tolerant":[169],"ability.":[170],"Furthermore,":[171],"technique":[174],"performs":[175],"better":[176],"than":[177],"support":[178],"vector":[179],"machine":[180],"(SVM),":[181],"random":[182],"forest":[183],"(RF)":[184],"k-Nearest":[186],"Neighbor":[187],"(KNN)":[188],"techniques":[189],"detecting":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
