{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3022952534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2993361","title":"An Improved Bat Algorithm for More Efficient and Faster Maximum Power Point Tracking for a Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading Conditions","display_name":"An Improved Bat Algorithm for More Efficient and Faster Maximum Power Point Tracking for a Photovoltaic System Under Partial Shading Conditions","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3022952534","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2993361","mag":"3022952534"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2993361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2993361","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09090139.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09090139.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073545622","display_name":"Chih Yu Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-6633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih Yu Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9858-6633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020998930","display_name":"Ramadhani Kurniawan Subroto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3072-9823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ramadhani Kurniawan Subroto","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3072-9823","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051752426","display_name":"Ibrahim Saiful Millah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2521-6310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Saiful Millah","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2521-6310","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068939302","display_name":"Kuo Lung Lian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1242-7330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuo Lung Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1242-7330","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071403887","display_name":"Wei Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1485-3410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70522481","display_name":"National Changhua University of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/005gkfa10","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Tzer Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1485-3410","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70522481"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7311,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83546987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"96378","last_page":"96390"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12309","display_name":"solar cell performance optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-point-tracking","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","score":0.8981649875640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuckoo-search","display_name":"Cuckoo search","score":0.7831791639328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-power-principle","display_name":"Maximum power principle","score":0.7504686117172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6563167572021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.6416346430778503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5700457096099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5673282742500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4996025562286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.49358975887298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4921268820762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shading","display_name":"Shading","score":0.4741004407405853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4722920060157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44678014516830444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.438533216714859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.35618263483047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3517950177192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19449269771575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10782194137573242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09826907515525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.08752262592315674}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36139824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052007","display_name":"Maximum power point tracking","level":4,"score":0.8981649875640869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117241572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5192379","display_name":"Cuckoo search","level":3,"score":0.7831791639328003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116615679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795908","display_name":"Maximum power principle","level":3,"score":0.7504686117172241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6563167572021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.6416346430778503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5700457096099854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5673282742500305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4996025562286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.49358975887298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4921268820762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177515723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191981","display_name":"Shading","level":2,"score":0.4741004407405853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4722920060157776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44678014516830444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.438533216714859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.35618263483047485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3517950177192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19449269771575928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10782194137573242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09826907515525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.08752262592315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2993361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2993361","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09090139.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4e25bda9d35f45a19897bc4368546f7e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4e25bda9d35f45a19897bc4368546f7e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 96378-96390 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2993361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2993361","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09090139.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1824574849","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 109-3116-F-006-019-CC1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3022952534.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3022952534.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1478353461","https://openalex.org/W1522942524","https://openalex.org/W1613273921","https://openalex.org/W1964606840","https://openalex.org/W1971169973","https://openalex.org/W1976463393","https://openalex.org/W1976744965","https://openalex.org/W1978551974","https://openalex.org/W1980037546","https://openalex.org/W1992526583","https://openalex.org/W1999640491","https://openalex.org/W2024518622","https://openalex.org/W2028230875","https://openalex.org/W2048389368","https://openalex.org/W2050322675","https://openalex.org/W2054078648","https://openalex.org/W2067419332","https://openalex.org/W2077088569","https://openalex.org/W2095391690","https://openalex.org/W2119221149","https://openalex.org/W2127246512","https://openalex.org/W2134409946","https://openalex.org/W2155546972","https://openalex.org/W2176674104","https://openalex.org/W2243718034","https://openalex.org/W2263218499","https://openalex.org/W2308605107","https://openalex.org/W2335284675","https://openalex.org/W2389631299","https://openalex.org/W2535324361","https://openalex.org/W2561363267","https://openalex.org/W2610096999","https://openalex.org/W2621059712","https://openalex.org/W2744563018","https://openalex.org/W2751116553","https://openalex.org/W2762220217","https://openalex.org/W2767186945","https://openalex.org/W2780031357","https://openalex.org/W2782636169","https://openalex.org/W2782854262","https://openalex.org/W2802445149","https://openalex.org/W2893912359","https://openalex.org/W2896462135","https://openalex.org/W2898104972","https://openalex.org/W2904621367","https://openalex.org/W2906258387","https://openalex.org/W2911677145","https://openalex.org/W2935358551","https://openalex.org/W2996846732","https://openalex.org/W3105346980","https://openalex.org/W3144195179","https://openalex.org/W4246565613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4225278708","https://openalex.org/W2290996769","https://openalex.org/W2097725229","https://openalex.org/W1977060113","https://openalex.org/W4281622623","https://openalex.org/W2527993489","https://openalex.org/W2184772563","https://openalex.org/W2374101854","https://openalex.org/W2379240244","https://openalex.org/W4389401330"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Solar":[0],"modules":[1,33],"under":[2],"partial":[3],"shading":[4],"(PS)":[5],"conditions":[6],"will":[7,34],"result":[8],"in":[9,83],"power":[10,22,29,44,69,100],"and":[11,146,161,195,200],"voltage":[12],"characteristic":[13],"curves":[14],"(P-VCC)":[15],"having":[16],"multiple":[17],"peaks.":[18],"If":[19],"the":[20,27,31,60,66,84,92,105,108,127,138,142,151,177,186,201,204,207],"maximum":[21,43,68,99],"point":[23,45,70],"cannot":[24],"be":[25,35,113,174],"obtained,":[26],"output":[28],"of":[30,124,130,141,164,167,185,206],"solar":[32],"greatly":[36],"reduced.":[37],"Hence,":[38],"there":[39,95],"have":[40],"been":[41,181],"various":[42,171],"tracking":[46,109,139],"(MPPT)":[47],"control":[48],"methods":[49],"developed":[50],"to":[51,58,64,90,104,112,116,136,156],"address":[52],"this":[53],"problem.":[54],"One":[55],"alternative":[56],"is":[57,134],"employ":[59],"meta-heuristic":[61],"approach":[62],"(MHA)":[63],"track":[65,91],"global":[67],"(GMPP).":[71],"Recently,":[72],"a":[73,122],"new":[74],"MHA":[75],"called":[76],"Bat":[77],"Algorithm":[78],"(BA)":[79],"has":[80,179],"performed":[81],"well":[82],"MPPT.":[85],"Nevertheless,":[86],"BA":[87,125],"may":[88],"fail":[89],"GMPP":[93],"when":[94],"are":[96],"some":[97,184],"local":[98],"points":[101],"(LMPPs)":[102],"close":[103],"GMPP.":[106],"Also,":[107],"time":[110],"needs":[111],"further":[114],"reduced":[115],"accommodate":[117],"rapidly":[118],"changing":[119],"irradiance.":[120],"Therefore,":[121],"combination":[123],"with":[126],"abandonment":[128],"mechanism":[129],"Cuckoo":[131],"Search":[132],"(CS)":[133],"proposed":[135,152,208],"improve":[137],"performance":[140],"BA.":[143],"Both":[144],"simulation":[145],"experimental":[147],"results":[148,202],"show":[149],"that":[150],"method,":[153],"as":[154,191],"compared":[155],"BA,":[157],"yields":[158],"better":[159],"accuracy":[160],"an":[162],"improvement":[163],"convergence":[165],"speed":[166],"about":[168],"35%":[169],"for":[170],"P-VCCs":[172],"can":[173],"achieved.":[175],"Moreover,":[176],"MBA":[178],"also":[180],"tested":[182],"against":[183],"state-of-the-art":[187],"MPPT":[188],"algorithms":[189],"such":[190],"Particle":[192],"Swarm":[193],"Optimization":[194,198],"Grey":[196],"Wolf":[197],"(GWO),":[199],"showed":[203],"superiority":[205],"method.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
