{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3023718238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2992284","title":"Observation of Early Stage of Underwater Electrical Wire Explosion by Shadowgraph","display_name":"Observation of Early Stage of Underwater Electrical Wire Explosion by Shadowgraph","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3023718238","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2992284","mag":"3023718238"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2992284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2992284","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09086039.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09086039.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052782381","display_name":"Dun Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7343-1942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dun Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7343-1942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100398408","display_name":"Zhigang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7263-8113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhigang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071047471","display_name":"Liuxia Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2957-3676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liuxia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036076188","display_name":"Xiaobing Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6055-8442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobing Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100406850","display_name":"Xinxin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3564-6816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinxin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":11.4247,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97755721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"85968","last_page":"85972"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11619","display_name":"Combustion and Detonation Processes","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11619","display_name":"Combustion and Detonation Processes","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12166","display_name":"Ion-surface interactions and analysis","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10642","display_name":"Plasma Applications and Diagnostics","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shadowgraph","display_name":"Shadowgraph","score":0.9907623529434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaporization","display_name":"Vaporization","score":0.5917404890060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shock-wave","display_name":"Shock wave","score":0.5813775658607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5624438524246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.530811071395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piston","display_name":"Piston (optics)","score":0.5182449817657471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.5050387978553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.44651687145233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanics","display_name":"Mechanics","score":0.44042930006980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.3287026286125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.30306869745254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.22463363409042358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24908513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2917212","display_name":"Shadowgraph","level":2,"score":0.9907623529434204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195801359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6452502","display_name":"Vaporization","level":2,"score":0.5917404890060425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70477161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190688","display_name":"Shock wave","level":2,"score":0.5813775658607483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5624438524246216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.530811071395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199524791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7198512","display_name":"Piston (optics)","level":3,"score":0.5182449817657471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5050387978553772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.44651687145233154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.44042930006980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.3287026286125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.30306869745254517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.22463363409042358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165699331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461533","display_name":"Wavefront","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2992284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2992284","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09086039.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6c645443a8c848c3aae8d77234deb5b1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6c645443a8c848c3aae8d77234deb5b1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 85968-85972 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2992284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2992284","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09086039.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6147783660","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51777113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3023718238.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3023718238.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970368995","https://openalex.org/W1976309598","https://openalex.org/W1999180079","https://openalex.org/W2046635917","https://openalex.org/W2142018792","https://openalex.org/W2567353802","https://openalex.org/W2621729565","https://openalex.org/W2748109950","https://openalex.org/W2789551009","https://openalex.org/W2802856373","https://openalex.org/W2920417661","https://openalex.org/W2967107178","https://openalex.org/W6751438714"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3155049017","https://openalex.org/W1978184172","https://openalex.org/W2073975352","https://openalex.org/W2626482760","https://openalex.org/W4240809714","https://openalex.org/W1971674849","https://openalex.org/W2533460354","https://openalex.org/W1564629933","https://openalex.org/W2077850687","https://openalex.org/W15227305"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Early":[0],"stage":[1,17],"of":[2,18,36,53,66,86],"underwater":[3],"electrical":[4],"wire":[5,19,37],"explosion":[6,20,65],"was":[7,21,93],"observed":[8],"by":[9],"shadowgraph.":[10],"By":[11],"decreasing":[12],"initial":[13,62],"energy,":[14],"the":[15,49,61,67,97],"early":[16],"slowed":[22],"down":[23],"and":[24],"possible":[25],"to":[26,43,95],"capture":[27],"shadow":[28],"photos":[29],"during":[30],"phase":[31,79],"transitions.":[32],"The":[33,51],"vaporization":[34],"process":[35],"is":[38],"usually":[39],"axially":[40],"non-uniform":[41,54],"due":[42],"random":[44],"local":[45],"micro":[46],"explosions":[47],"along":[48],"wire.":[50],"degree":[52],"will":[55],"be":[56],"significantly":[57],"decreased":[58],"when":[59],"increasing":[60],"energy.":[63],"During":[64],"wire,":[68],"more":[69],"than":[70],"one":[71],"shock":[72],"waves":[73],"were":[74],"generated":[75],"not":[76],"only":[77],"from":[78,83],"transition,":[80],"but":[81],"also":[82],"different":[84],"pulses":[85],"deposition":[87],"power.":[88],"A":[89],"modified":[90],"piston":[91],"model":[92],"introduced":[94],"explain":[96],"phenomenon.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
