{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3023820769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2991882","title":"Radiation Hardened Digital Direct Synthesizer With CORDIC for Spaceborne Applications","display_name":"Radiation Hardened Digital Direct Synthesizer With CORDIC for Spaceborne Applications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3023820769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2991882","mag":"3023820769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2991882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2991882","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09083961.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09083961.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025171789","display_name":"Luis Alberto Aranda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4458-9761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020445194","display_name":"Universidad Nebrija","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzyrt94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Alberto Aranda","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARIES Research Center, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4458-9761","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARIES Research Center, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088891897","display_name":"Francisco Garc\u00eda-Herrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6719-9681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020445194","display_name":"Universidad Nebrija","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzyrt94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Garcia-Herrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARIES Research Center, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6719-9681","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARIES Research Center, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022969600","display_name":"Luis Esteban-Hern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8090-0329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020445194","display_name":"Universidad Nebrija","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzyrt94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luis Esteban","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARIES Research Center, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8090-0329","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARIES Research Center, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078857723","display_name":"Alfonso S\u00e1nchez\u2010Maci\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2220-0594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020445194","display_name":"Universidad Nebrija","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzyrt94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfonso Sanchez-Macian","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARIES Research Center, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2220-0594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARIES Research Center, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044495372","display_name":"Juan Antonio Maestro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7133-9026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020445194","display_name":"Universidad Nebrija","ror":"https://ror.org/03tzyrt94","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Antonio Maestro","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARIES Research Center, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7133-9026","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARIES Research Center, Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020445194"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9669,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80789855,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"83167","last_page":"83176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cordic","display_name":"CORDIC","score":0.8402559161186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7769333124160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7673047780990601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triple-modular-redundancy","display_name":"Triple modular redundancy","score":0.5361364483833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.523250937461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4555538594722748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4492838382720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.4268907904624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vhdl","display_name":"VHDL","score":0.41777175664901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-reconfiguration","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","score":0.41049087047576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22245573997497559}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58870171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116076","display_name":"CORDIC","level":3,"score":0.8402559161186218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7769333124160767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7673047780990601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196371267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3998979","display_name":"Triple modular redundancy","level":3,"score":0.5361364483833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.523250937461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4555538594722748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4492838382720947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.4268907904624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36941000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209455","display_name":"VHDL","level":3,"score":0.41777175664901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.41049087047576904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22245573997497559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2991882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2991882","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09083961.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8d04fb0eda2042c2a473cf762383c549","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8d04fb0eda2042c2a473cf762383c549","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 83167-83176 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2991882","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2991882","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09083961.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.550000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3023820769.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3023820769.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967542252","https://openalex.org/W1985956780","https://openalex.org/W1991756600","https://openalex.org/W2030539660","https://openalex.org/W2083613288","https://openalex.org/W2096775254","https://openalex.org/W2097711617","https://openalex.org/W2107406097","https://openalex.org/W2113847974","https://openalex.org/W2115089659","https://openalex.org/W2115452265","https://openalex.org/W2126771355","https://openalex.org/W2127588446","https://openalex.org/W2131221147","https://openalex.org/W2140047594","https://openalex.org/W2149833715","https://openalex.org/W2150633168","https://openalex.org/W2168005119","https://openalex.org/W2170171948","https://openalex.org/W2244918559","https://openalex.org/W2328083745","https://openalex.org/W2438901506","https://openalex.org/W2508561024","https://openalex.org/W2559580087","https://openalex.org/W2561560564","https://openalex.org/W2655532174","https://openalex.org/W2782573760","https://openalex.org/W2794635419","https://openalex.org/W2901749961","https://openalex.org/W2971478958","https://openalex.org/W6679591603"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375598816","https://openalex.org/W2379157082","https://openalex.org/W2401971123","https://openalex.org/W907492214","https://openalex.org/W2534468830","https://openalex.org/W2942242634","https://openalex.org/W3108250534","https://openalex.org/W2047231322","https://openalex.org/W2188869493","https://openalex.org/W3131896169"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,168,190],"Coordinate":[1],"Rotation":[2],"Digital":[3,140],"Computer":[4],"algorithm":[5],"(CORDIC)":[6],"is":[7,26,41,75,89,147],"a":[8,13,42,54,58,194,215],"simple":[9],"mechanism":[10],"to":[11,77,93,137,181,232,246],"compute":[12],"set":[14],"of":[15,44,57,69,122,129,157,175,187,199,205,209,214,236,243],"elementary":[16],"functions,":[17,21],"such":[18,36,256],"as":[19,37,257],"trigonometric":[20,207],"using":[22],"fixed-point":[23],"devices.":[24,48],"It":[25],"widely":[27],"adopted,":[28],"also":[29],"in":[30,33,46,53,96,105,127,155,251],"applications":[31],"running":[32],"harsh":[34],"environments":[35],"space,":[38],"where":[39],"radiation":[40],"cause":[43],"errors":[45,95,244],"nanoelectronic":[47],"A":[49],"single":[50],"event":[51],"upset":[52],"configuration":[55],"bit":[56],"Field":[59],"Programmable":[60],"Gate":[61],"Array":[62],"(FPGA)":[63],"can":[64],"completely":[65],"change":[66],"the":[67,70,81,90,120,123,139,165,173,184,188,197,203,206,210,223,230,234,237,248],"behavior":[68],"implemented":[71,148],"circuit,":[72],"so":[73],"it":[74,100,111,146],"important":[76,103],"detect":[78,94],"and":[79,107,110,159,202],"reconfigure":[80],"FPGA":[82,124],"when":[83,145,162],"this":[84],"happens.":[85],"Dual":[86],"modular":[87],"redundancy":[88],"typical":[91],"method":[92],"electronic":[97],"circuits,":[98],"but":[99],"has":[101],"an":[102,150],"overhead":[104,154,186],"area":[106,158,185,220],"power":[108,160],"consumption":[109,161],"does":[112],"not":[113],"provide":[114],"any":[115],"additional":[116],"functionality":[117],"apart":[118],"from":[119],"activation":[121],"reconfiguration":[125],"trigger":[126],"presence":[128],"error.":[130],"This":[131,226],"paper":[132],"presents":[133],"two":[134],"ad-hoc":[135],"techniques":[136],"protect":[138],"Direct":[141],"Synthesizer":[142],"with":[143,152,164,218,253],"CORDIC":[144,211],"into":[149],"FPGA,":[151],"limited":[153],"terms":[156],"compared":[163],"traditional":[166],"solution.":[167],"first":[169],"solution":[170,192],"slightly":[171],"increases":[172],"percentage":[174,198],"undetected":[176],"errors,":[177],"about":[178],"11%,":[179],"reducing":[180],"almost":[182],"half":[183],"circuit.":[189],"second":[191],"introduces":[193],"trade-off":[195],"between":[196],"error":[200,249],"detection":[201],"precision":[204,235],"output":[208],"by":[212],"means":[213],"polymorphic":[216],"structure":[217],"lower":[219],"resources":[221],"than":[222],"existing":[224],"solutions.":[225],"last":[227],"proposal":[228],"allows":[229],"system":[231],"increase":[233],"digital":[238],"synthesis":[239],"signal":[240],"under":[241],"absence":[242],"or":[245],"activate":[247],"protection":[250],"scenarios":[252],"external":[254],"disturbances":[255],"radiation.":[258]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}