{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3023524100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990622","title":"An Image Formation Algorithm for Bistatic SAR Using GNSS Signal With Improved Range Resolution","display_name":"An Image Formation Algorithm for Bistatic SAR Using GNSS Signal With Improved Range Resolution","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3023524100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990622","mag":"3023524100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2990622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990622","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09082615.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09082615.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060108514","display_name":"Yue Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5596-2595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yue Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100332980","display_name":"Jie Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9370-3965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100704036","display_name":"Pengbo Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6364-9806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengbo Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059151698","display_name":"Xinkai Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9352-5695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinkai Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060108514"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":12.5712,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97920226,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"80333","last_page":"80346"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7846750617027283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnss-applications","display_name":"GNSS applications","score":0.7698572874069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.6439509391784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bistatic-radar","display_name":"Bistatic radar","score":0.5725528597831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.5354606509208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.44732990860939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.4292508661746979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.42830461263656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-target","display_name":"Point target","score":0.41963449120521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4135308265686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.41293859481811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34496864676475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.24928465485572815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-positioning-system","display_name":"Global Positioning System","score":0.20250573754310608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19614925980567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.1847326159477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15163874626159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10187381505966187}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7846750617027283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14279187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5514012","display_name":"GNSS applications","level":3,"score":0.7698572874069214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.6439509391784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100102862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625855","display_name":"Bistatic radar","level":4,"score":0.5725528597831726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.5354606509208679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.44732990860939026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.4292508661746979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42830461263656616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778999744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208292","display_name":"Point target","level":3,"score":0.41963449120521545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4135308265686035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.41293859481811523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34496864676475525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.24928465485572815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60229501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18822","display_name":"Global Positioning System","level":2,"score":0.20250573754310608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19614925980567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.1847326159477234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15163874626159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10187381505966187}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2990622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990622","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09082615.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:54efbfef6fa84868ad62e4879f52360d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/54efbfef6fa84868ad62e4879f52360d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 80333-80346 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2990622","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990622","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09082615.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3778927418","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61861136008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3023524100.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3023524100.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003113842","https://openalex.org/W2038851377","https://openalex.org/W2042637819","https://openalex.org/W2048934739","https://openalex.org/W2059543856","https://openalex.org/W2066339801","https://openalex.org/W2072644516","https://openalex.org/W2083036227","https://openalex.org/W2094258259","https://openalex.org/W2099687038","https://openalex.org/W2101335079","https://openalex.org/W2109362828","https://openalex.org/W2110338450","https://openalex.org/W2115535935","https://openalex.org/W2116837835","https://openalex.org/W2122038767","https://openalex.org/W2125828051","https://openalex.org/W2126575681","https://openalex.org/W2137025402","https://openalex.org/W2148474930","https://openalex.org/W2166105691","https://openalex.org/W2167951319","https://openalex.org/W2282619713","https://openalex.org/W2294178079","https://openalex.org/W2439378492","https://openalex.org/W2505271613","https://openalex.org/W2604290765","https://openalex.org/W2607307997","https://openalex.org/W2747458887","https://openalex.org/W2898188941","https://openalex.org/W2898796641","https://openalex.org/W2903390018","https://openalex.org/W2912270005","https://openalex.org/W2916466025","https://openalex.org/W2921072119","https://openalex.org/W2928094555","https://openalex.org/W2937670294","https://openalex.org/W2964707999","https://openalex.org/W2969494116","https://openalex.org/W2971207062","https://openalex.org/W2995968471","https://openalex.org/W2999185300","https://openalex.org/W3005360418","https://openalex.org/W3008765974","https://openalex.org/W4241759504"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135924691","https://openalex.org/W2113162338","https://openalex.org/W2766192666","https://openalex.org/W4245917453","https://openalex.org/W2142179688","https://openalex.org/W2385030184","https://openalex.org/W2502249732","https://openalex.org/W1989152044","https://openalex.org/W2538093846","https://openalex.org/W2104042439"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Passive":[0],"synthetic":[1],"aperture":[2],"radar":[3],"(SAR)":[4],"using":[5],"Global":[6],"Navigation":[7],"Satellite":[8],"System":[9],"(GNSS)":[10],"signals":[11,31],"as":[12],"the":[13,25,29,33,66,88,100,107,112,142,149,152,157],"illuminators":[14],"of":[15,28,70,90,111,117,151],"opportunity":[16],"has":[17],"a":[18,83],"relative":[19],"coarse":[20],"range":[21,51,67,77,118,165],"resolution":[22,52,78,119,166],"due":[23],"to":[24],"narrow":[26],"bandwidth":[27],"navigation":[30],"and":[32,73,79,87,109,120,129,138,167,176],"bi-static":[34],"acquisition":[35],"geometry,":[36],"limiting":[37],"its":[38],"application":[39],"for":[40,50,99,163,171],"high-resolution":[41],"requirement.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"paper,":[45],"an":[46],"image":[47],"formation":[48],"algorithm":[49,114],"improvement":[53],"is":[54,63,93],"investigated.":[55],"A":[56],"modified":[57],"second":[58],"order":[59],"differentiation":[60],"based":[61],"method":[62,154],"applied":[64],"on":[65],"compressed":[68],"signal":[69,92],"reference":[71],"channel":[72],"surveillance":[74],"channel,":[75],"improving":[76],"keeping":[80],"side-lobes":[81],"at":[82],"lower":[84,168],"level":[85],"simultaneously,":[86],"phase":[89,96],"processed":[91],"preserved":[94],"by":[95],"multiplication":[97],"compensation":[98],"following":[101],"azimuth":[102],"compression":[103],"processing.":[104],"To":[105],"validate":[106],"effectiveness":[108],"benefits":[110],"proposed":[113,153],"in":[115],"terms":[116],"targets":[121,124,175],"side-lobes,":[122,169],"point":[123],"simulation":[125],"under":[126],"different":[127],"situations":[128],"real":[130],"field":[131],"experiment":[132],"with":[133,141],"strong":[134],"scatters":[135],"are":[136],"conducted":[137],"discussed.":[139],"Compared":[140],"traditional":[143],"GNSS-based":[144],"passive":[145],"SAR":[146],"imaging":[147,158],"algorithm,":[148],"results":[150],"show":[155],"that":[156],"performance":[159],"can":[160],"be":[161],"improved":[162],"better":[164,172],"benefitting":[170],"distinguishing":[173],"nearby":[174],"recognizing":[177],"weak":[178],"targets.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}