{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3018628805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990295","title":"Agent-Based Simulation of Autonomous Vehicles: A Systematic Literature Review","display_name":"Agent-Based Simulation of Autonomous Vehicles: A Systematic Literature Review","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3018628805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990295","mag":"3018628805"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2990295","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990295","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09078053.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09078053.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020356136","display_name":"Peng Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2058-2995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2058-2995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082391999","display_name":"Hanbin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-162X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanbin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9067-162X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026546522","display_name":"Feng Zhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-8521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengping Zhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001330683","display_name":"Yuexia Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuexia Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060475409","display_name":"Yuji Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3373-2702"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115592961","display_name":"Jiangsu University","ror":"https://ror.org/03jc41j30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuji Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automobile and Traffic Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115592961"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.5843,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94817538,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"79089","last_page":"79103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/executable","display_name":"Executable","score":0.8112838268280029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8062154054641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5609879493713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.535764753818512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agent-based-model","display_name":"Agent-based model","score":0.5119558572769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-system","display_name":"Multi-agent system","score":0.4478427767753601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.42301130294799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation-modeling","display_name":"Simulation modeling","score":0.4169362187385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3867005705833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.34620535373687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.21715569496154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15883147716522217}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160145156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q778586","display_name":"Executable","level":2,"score":0.8112838268280029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8062154054641724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5609879493713379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.535764753818512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780873155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q392811","display_name":"Agent-based model","level":2,"score":0.5119558572769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.4478427767753601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42301130294799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108215451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7263963","display_name":"Simulation modeling","level":2,"score":0.4169362187385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3867005705833435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.34620535373687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.21715569496154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15883147716522217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2990295","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990295","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09078053.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c9190cc6cb3942679b073942824ba541","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c9190cc6cb3942679b073942824ba541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 79089-79103 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2990295","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990295","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09078053.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G104419687","display_name":"\u8003\u8651\u5bb6\u5ead\u4ea4\u4e92\u5f02\u8d28\u6027\u7684\u5b66\u6821\u51fa\u884c\u65b9\u5f0f\u9009\u62e9\u52a8\u6001\u5efa\u6a21\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71871107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3018628805.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3018628805.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W6346207","https://openalex.org/W297059895","https://openalex.org/W316935178","https://openalex.org/W607497917","https://openalex.org/W783419490","https://openalex.org/W1009846835","https://openalex.org/W1672610948","https://openalex.org/W1678678146","https://openalex.org/W1904065432","https://openalex.org/W2039742252","https://openalex.org/W2050118439","https://openalex.org/W2064949391","https://openalex.org/W2083359900","https://openalex.org/W2140491322","https://openalex.org/W2145408484","https://openalex.org/W2160865385","https://openalex.org/W2296167063","https://openalex.org/W2336507577","https://openalex.org/W2357730318","https://openalex.org/W2405705374","https://openalex.org/W2421316033","https://openalex.org/W2515943586","https://openalex.org/W2525536947","https://openalex.org/W2553838540","https://openalex.org/W2554127530","https://openalex.org/W2578762071","https://openalex.org/W2586208166","https://openalex.org/W2591045740","https://openalex.org/W2616803378","https://openalex.org/W2631081867","https://openalex.org/W2697020653","https://openalex.org/W2725639905","https://openalex.org/W2743896367","https://openalex.org/W2749760279","https://openalex.org/W2750745830","https://openalex.org/W2782024036","https://openalex.org/W2789764619","https://openalex.org/W2791059495","https://openalex.org/W2799955051","https://openalex.org/W2799977829","https://openalex.org/W2800674507","https://openalex.org/W2801071356","https://openalex.org/W2801663809","https://openalex.org/W2803429617","https://openalex.org/W2803952469","https://openalex.org/W2809316509","https://openalex.org/W2885711151","https://openalex.org/W2892742328","https://openalex.org/W2894610774","https://openalex.org/W2897661421","https://openalex.org/W2897737779","https://openalex.org/W2898722797","https://openalex.org/W2914866200","https://openalex.org/W2920396387","https://openalex.org/W2921190746","https://openalex.org/W2946061054","https://openalex.org/W2946369951","https://openalex.org/W2964250193","https://openalex.org/W2968764965","https://openalex.org/W3104066485","https://openalex.org/W3122016467","https://openalex.org/W4214928630","https://openalex.org/W4292404994","https://openalex.org/W6618723460","https://openalex.org/W6639943672","https://openalex.org/W6703352305","https://openalex.org/W6760366959"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2350278424","https://openalex.org/W2071432835","https://openalex.org/W4234371507","https://openalex.org/W4299534542","https://openalex.org/W1628824497","https://openalex.org/W4239401009","https://openalex.org/W2053441600","https://openalex.org/W1990401748","https://openalex.org/W4249859355","https://openalex.org/W2052952842"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Autonomous":[0],"vehicles":[1,38,109],"(AVs)":[2],"may":[3],"have":[4,137,175],"a":[5,70],"transformative":[6],"influence":[7],"on":[8],"transportation":[9],"systems.":[10],"AV":[11,76,171],"use":[12],"is":[13,63,156],"expected":[14],"to":[15,46,84,91,93,96,182,207],"reduce":[16],"crash,":[17],"transport":[18],"costs,":[19],"and":[20,88,95,128,144,162,216,227],"land":[21],"use.":[22],"However,":[23,204],"the":[24,28,67,75,79,89,111,121,146,152,157,166,177,187,193,197,209,214,224,228],"net":[25],"effects":[26],"of":[27,65,81,107,113,123,169,179,192,200,211],"autonomous":[29,108],"vehicle":[30],"are":[31,35,44,149,240],"unknown":[32],"because":[33],"there":[34],"no":[36],"fully-autonomous":[37],"in":[39,69,120,141,145,151,205],"reality.":[40],"The":[41,132],"simulation":[42,62],"systems":[43],"indispensable":[45],"be":[47,220,233],"built":[48],"up":[49],"not":[50],"only":[51],"for":[52,56,237],"cost":[53],"but":[54],"also":[55,164,241],"obtaining":[57],"massive":[58],"data.":[59],"An":[60],"agent-based":[61,82,99,105,124,188],"capable":[64],"simulating":[66],"entities":[68],"complex":[71],"system,":[72],"such":[73],"as":[74],"system.":[77],"Considering":[78],"potential":[80],"models":[83,87,127],"complement":[85],"existing":[86,104],"difficulty":[90],"understand,":[92],"duplicate":[94],"compare":[97],"different":[98,147,170],"models,":[100],"this":[101],"paper":[102],"review":[103,122],"modeling":[106,189,212],"with":[110],"help":[112],"ODD":[114,198],"protocol,":[115],"which":[116],"has":[117],"been":[118],"applied":[119],"land-use":[125],"change":[126],"agricultural":[129],"policy":[130],"evaluation.":[131],"significant":[133],"variables":[134],"that":[135],"researchers":[136,160],"taken":[138],"into":[139],"consideration":[140],"sensitivity":[142],"analysis":[143],"scenarios":[148],"explored":[150],"paper.":[153],"Fleet":[154],"size":[155],"primary":[158],"variable":[159],"considered,":[161],"we":[163],"discussed":[165],"probable":[167],"causes":[168],"replacement":[172],"rates.":[173],"We":[174],"assessed":[176],"quality":[178],"reviewed":[180,194],"articles":[181],"gain":[183],"more":[184],"acceptance":[185],"from":[186],"community.":[190],"Most":[191],"papers":[195],"follow":[196],"protocol":[199],"agent":[201],"decision":[202],"making.":[203],"order":[206],"improve":[208],"level":[210],"transparency,":[213],"executable":[215],"related":[217],"data":[218,225],"shall":[219],"available,":[221],"at":[222],"least":[223],"source":[226],"programming":[229],"language/simulation":[230],"platform":[231],"should":[232],"provided.":[234],"Several":[235],"recommendations":[236],"further":[238],"research":[239],"presented.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
