{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3019680329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990223","title":"Two-Dimensional Multi-Ring Dielectric Lens Antenna to Radiate Fan-Shaped Multi-Beams With Optimum Adjacent-Beam Overlapping Crossover by Genetic Algorithm","display_name":"Two-Dimensional Multi-Ring Dielectric Lens Antenna to Radiate Fan-Shaped Multi-Beams With Optimum Adjacent-Beam Overlapping Crossover by Genetic Algorithm","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3019680329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990223","mag":"3019680329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2990223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990223","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09078118.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09078118.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089331278","display_name":"Hsi\u2010Tseng Chou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1883-9782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsi-Tseng Chou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1883-9782","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108402511","display_name":"Yi-Sheng Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Sheng Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037795179","display_name":"Hao-Ju Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189290911","display_name":"National Chung Shan Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/034ezwg26","country_code":"TW","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189290911"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99908691","display_name":"Yuan Ze University","ror":"https://ror.org/01fv1ds98","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao-Ju Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99908691"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chung-Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189290911"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001843137","display_name":"Zhi-Da Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1210-3723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi-Da Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Institute of Communication Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014516803","display_name":"Titipong Lertwiriyaprapa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-7683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82828225","display_name":"King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok","ror":"https://ror.org/04fy6jb97","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82828225"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Titipong Lertwiriyaprapa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Teacher Training in Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, Research Center of Innovation Digital and Electromagnetic Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand","Department of Teacher Training in Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, Research Center of Innovation Digital and Electromagnetic Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5219-7683","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Teacher Training in Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, Research Center of Innovation Digital and Electromagnetic Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82828225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Teacher Training in Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, Research Center of Innovation Digital and Electromagnetic Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82828225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008122214","display_name":"Danai Torrungrueng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4672-2343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82828225","display_name":"King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok","ror":"https://ror.org/04fy6jb97","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82828225"]}],"countries":["TH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danai Torrungrueng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Teacher Training in Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, Research Center of Innovation Digital and Electromagnetic Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand","Department of Teacher Training in Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, Research Center of Innovation Digital and Electromagnetic Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4672-2343","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Teacher Training in Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, Research Center of Innovation Digital and Electromagnetic Technology, King Mongkut\u2019s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82828225"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Teacher Training in Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Education, Research Center of Innovation Digital and Electromagnetic Technology, King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82828225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3123,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79995557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"79124","last_page":"79133"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.7063390016555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.6035102009773254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossover","display_name":"Crossover","score":0.5926334261894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.5790326595306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation-pattern","display_name":"Radiation pattern","score":0.5681877136230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.5207774043083191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.501978874206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4021068811416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3999437093734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32381534576416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.19574400782585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13829529285430908}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7063390016555786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.6035102009773254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122507166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628906","display_name":"Crossover","level":2,"score":0.5926334261894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.5790326595306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.5681877136230469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5207774043083191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.501978874206543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4021068811416626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3999437093734741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32381534576416016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.19574400782585144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13829529285430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2990223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990223","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09078118.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9c38dfa8b4724eae8654d93863b7ce8e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9c38dfa8b4724eae8654d93863b7ce8e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 79124-79133 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2990223","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990223","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09078118.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8946290329","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KMUTNB-63-KNOW-026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324344","funder_display_name":"King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324344","display_name":"King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok","ror":"https://ror.org/04fy6jb97"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3019680329.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3019680329.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W816629048","https://openalex.org/W1972494777","https://openalex.org/W1975874955","https://openalex.org/W1988479411","https://openalex.org/W2012087113","https://openalex.org/W2016570298","https://openalex.org/W2026654251","https://openalex.org/W2052798401","https://openalex.org/W2070092699","https://openalex.org/W2077746344","https://openalex.org/W2096983485","https://openalex.org/W2097824835","https://openalex.org/W2097958326","https://openalex.org/W2102820702","https://openalex.org/W2103574952","https://openalex.org/W2112843725","https://openalex.org/W2117123965","https://openalex.org/W2132435963","https://openalex.org/W2137685445","https://openalex.org/W2164865060","https://openalex.org/W2165528775","https://openalex.org/W2178796879","https://openalex.org/W2343448572","https://openalex.org/W2888625763","https://openalex.org/W2944901250","https://openalex.org/W2994666907","https://openalex.org/W6677542836"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033921874","https://openalex.org/W4390582938","https://openalex.org/W2060502882","https://openalex.org/W2128998788","https://openalex.org/W2964275097","https://openalex.org/W3199024512","https://openalex.org/W653026100","https://openalex.org/W2088443723","https://openalex.org/W2989818342","https://openalex.org/W1965263428"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"two-dimensional":[1],"(2-D)":[2],"discrete":[3,67],"dielectric":[4,61,68],"lens":[5,56],"antenna":[6,41],"is":[7,22,42,90,114,124],"designed":[8],"to":[9,23,70,103,118],"radiate":[10],"fan-shaped":[11],"multi-beam":[12],"patterns":[13,75],"for":[14,35,84],"gain":[15],"stability":[16],"in":[17,44,111,120],"beam":[18,74,112],"switching.":[19],"The":[20,88],"target":[21],"minimize":[24],"adjacent-beam":[25],"overlapping":[26],"transition":[27],"regions":[28],"and":[29,32,58,63,99],"provide":[30],"sufficient":[31],"similar":[33],"gains":[34],"all":[36],"field":[37,86],"angles":[38],"when":[39],"the":[40,64,72,105],"employed":[43],"a":[45,52,80],"mobile":[46],"device.":[47],"This":[48],"design":[49,89],"starts":[50],"with":[51,79,96],"conventional":[53],"2-D":[54],"Luneburg":[55],"antenna,":[57],"distorts":[59],"its":[60],"permittivity":[62],"sizes":[65],"of":[66,109],"rings":[69],"defocus":[71],"pencil":[73],"into":[76],"shaped":[77],"ones":[78],"relatively":[81],"flat":[82],"pattern":[83],"uniform":[85],"distribution.":[87],"realistically":[91],"implemented":[92],"at":[93],"38":[94],"GHz":[95],"both":[97],"simulation":[98],"measurement":[100],"results":[101],"shown":[102],"validate":[104],"concept.":[106],"Successful":[107],"validation":[108],"feasibility":[110],"synthesis":[113],"achieved.":[115],"Fabrication":[116],"discrepancy":[117],"result":[119],"slight":[121],"radiation":[122],"degradation":[123],"also":[125],"discussed.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}