{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3017423988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990190","title":"A Novel Simulated-Annealing Based Electric Bus System Design, Simulation, and Analysis for Dehradun Smart City","display_name":"A Novel Simulated-Annealing Based Electric Bus System Design, Simulation, and Analysis for Dehradun Smart City","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3017423988","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990190","mag":"3017423988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2990190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990190","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09078106.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09078106.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000966033","display_name":"Adarsh Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2919-6302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5847235","display_name":"University of Petroleum and Energy Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04q2jes40","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adarsh Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systemics, School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2919-6302","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systemics, School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"P. Srikanth","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5847235","display_name":"University of Petroleum and Energy Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04q2jes40","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Srikanth","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systemics, School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systemics, School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091880648","display_name":"Anand Nayyar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9821-6146"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170238339","display_name":"Duy Tan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ezss144","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170238339"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand Nayyar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam","Graduate School, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9821-6146","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170238339"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170238339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101977483","display_name":"Gaurav Sharma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9176-2008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340206300","display_name":"Defence Research and Development Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/05k37v296","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340206300","https://openalex.org/I4210150591"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5847235","display_name":"University of Petroleum and Energy Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04q2jes40","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaurav Sharma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Bengaluru, India","School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340206300"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057762915","display_name":"Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-782X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154970844","display_name":"Jaypee Institute of Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05sttyy11","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154970844"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajalakshmi Krishnamurthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9661-782X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154970844"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018409592","display_name":"Mamoun Alazab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-3704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29894533","display_name":"Charles Darwin University","ror":"https://ror.org/048zcaj52","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mamoun Alazab","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-3704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, IT and Environment, Charles Darwin University, Casuarina, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29894533"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.7349,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93927247,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"89395","last_page":"89424"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6280033588409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5752221941947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.4804475009441376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.44782108068466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulated-annealing","display_name":"Simulated annealing","score":0.4126221537590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.39979609847068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simulation","display_name":"Simulation","score":0.39292383193969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3318873643875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.32942354679107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18714135885238647}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6280033588409424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5752221941947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4804475009441376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.44782108068466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126980161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863783","display_name":"Simulated annealing","level":2,"score":0.4126221537590027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.39979609847068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.39292383193969727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3318873643875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.32942354679107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18714135885238647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2990190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990190","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09078106.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8b93d3d298194587a4d7d7b5f5e4f8a7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8b93d3d298194587a4d7d7b5f5e4f8a7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 89395-89424 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2990190","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2990190","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09078106.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3017423988.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3017423988.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1998059706","https://openalex.org/W2007178635","https://openalex.org/W2013158818","https://openalex.org/W2020715838","https://openalex.org/W2043079332","https://openalex.org/W2084281621","https://openalex.org/W2219081995","https://openalex.org/W2316666810","https://openalex.org/W2327301452","https://openalex.org/W2342732769","https://openalex.org/W2396001678","https://openalex.org/W2440645309","https://openalex.org/W2506609463","https://openalex.org/W2569370691","https://openalex.org/W2593959000","https://openalex.org/W2627057877","https://openalex.org/W2754800315","https://openalex.org/W2756986768","https://openalex.org/W2758821133","https://openalex.org/W2758893281","https://openalex.org/W2764002648","https://openalex.org/W2768508481","https://openalex.org/W2768783010","https://openalex.org/W2770225206","https://openalex.org/W2789477859","https://openalex.org/W2807725801","https://openalex.org/W2808407428","https://openalex.org/W2885028028","https://openalex.org/W2889593905","https://openalex.org/W2891453868","https://openalex.org/W2895981496","https://openalex.org/W2909833213","https://openalex.org/W2910498758","https://openalex.org/W2930559694","https://openalex.org/W2942749449","https://openalex.org/W2951374645","https://openalex.org/W2955142582","https://openalex.org/W2955789703","https://openalex.org/W3011027493","https://openalex.org/W3036822559","https://openalex.org/W4205104605","https://openalex.org/W6652106736","https://openalex.org/W6758003627","https://openalex.org/W6779955718"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4244478748","https://openalex.org/W4223488648","https://openalex.org/W2134969820","https://openalex.org/W2251605416","https://openalex.org/W4389340727","https://openalex.org/W3150465815","https://openalex.org/W1997222214","https://openalex.org/W2802581102","https://openalex.org/W4205786897","https://openalex.org/W2160834655"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Smart":[0],"transportation":[1,187],"network":[2,131],"development":[3],"with":[4,52,107,326],"environmental":[5],"issues":[6],"into":[7],"consideration":[8],"has":[9],"brought":[10],"Industry":[11,37],"4.0":[12,38],"based":[13,144],"solutions":[14],"on":[15,145],"priority.":[16],"In":[17,73,118,164,236,262],"this":[18,74],"direction,":[19],"battery-powered":[20],"electric":[21],"bus":[22,49,87,148],"systems":[23],"have":[24],"been":[25],"considered":[26],"widely":[27],"for":[28,112,194,296,328],"ensuring":[29],"flexibility,":[30],"operation":[31],"cost,":[32],"and":[33,62,96,109,136,155,179,184,207,271,279,319,321,342],"lesser":[34],"pollutants":[35],"emission.":[36],"provides":[39],"automation":[40],"through":[41,59],"a":[42,76,146],"cyber-physical":[43],"system":[44,50,116,149,178,244,293,308],"(CPS),":[45],"the":[46,114,159,162,173,176,181,197,213,219,263,276,281,291,306],"interconnection":[47],"of":[48,86,161,175,199,283],"entities":[51],"industrial":[53],"internet-of-things":[54],"(IIoT),":[55],"remote":[56],"information":[57],"availability":[58,341],"cloud":[60,133],"computing":[61],"scientific":[63,138],"disciplines":[64],"(human-computer":[65],"interaction,":[66],"artificial":[67],"intelligence,":[68],"machine":[69],"learning":[70],"etc.)":[71],"integration.":[72,140],"work,":[75],"discrete":[77],"event-based":[78],"simulation-optimization":[79],"approach":[80],"is":[81,151,221,287,294],"integrated":[82],"that":[83,212,290,305],"take":[84],"care":[85],"energy":[88],"consumption":[89,278],"according":[90],"to":[91,125,171,229,247,256,268],"real-time":[92,147,233],"city's":[93],"passenger":[94],"needs":[95,160],"on-road":[97],"friction":[98],"levels.":[99],"The":[100],"proposed":[101,177,292,307],"simulation":[102,119],"optimization":[103],"methodology":[104],"utilizes":[105],"multi-objective":[106],"dependent":[108,270],"independent":[110,272],"variables":[111,273],"optimizing":[113],"overall":[115],"performance.":[117],"optimization,":[120],"objective":[121],"functions":[122],"are":[123,143,169,266],"designed":[124],"tackle":[126],"battery":[127,277],"consumption,":[128],"Internet-of-Thing":[129],"(IoT)":[130],"performance,":[132],"operations":[134],"efficiency":[135],"smart":[137,186],"discipline":[139],"Simulation":[141,189,209],"parameters":[142],"which":[150,274],"further":[152],"analyzed,":[153],"filtered":[154],"adapted":[156],"as":[157,339],"per":[158],"system.":[163,188],"another":[165],"analysis,":[166],"supercharger's":[167],"capacities":[168],"varied":[170],"evaluate":[172],"performance":[174],"identify":[180],"low":[182],"cost":[183,316,325],"efficient":[185],"results":[190,210],"show":[191,211],"different":[192],"scenarios":[193],"variations":[195],"in":[196,218,232,243,330],"number":[198],"buses,":[200],"charging":[201,205],"stations,":[202],"bus-depots,":[203],"mobile":[204],"facilities,":[206],"bus-schedules.":[208],"average":[214],"passenger's":[215,241],"waiting":[216,220],"time":[217,242],"(after":[222],"ticket":[223],"booking)":[224],"varies":[225,249,335],"between":[226,250,312],"0.2":[227],"minutes":[228,231,252,258],"0.7":[230],"traffic":[234,238],"conditions.":[235],"similar":[237],"conditions,":[239],"total":[240],"(ticket":[245],"booking":[246],"travel)":[248],"41.6":[251],"(for":[253,259],"24":[254],"hours)":[255],"45.5":[257],"1":[260],"year).":[261],"simulation,":[264],"priorities":[265],"given":[267],"those":[269],"save":[275],"elongate":[280],"utilization":[282],"buses.":[284],"Lastly,":[285],"it":[286],"also":[288],"observed":[289],"suitable":[295],"resource-constraint":[297],"devices":[298],"because":[299],"Gate":[300],"Equivalent":[301],"(GE)":[302],"calculation":[303],"shows":[304],"can":[309],"be":[310],"implemented":[311],"1986":[313],"GEs":[314,323],"(communicational":[315],"without":[317],"confidentiality":[318],"authentication)":[320],"7939":[322],"(computational":[324],"HMAC":[327],"authentication":[329],"data":[331],"storage).":[332],"This":[333],"ensures":[334],"security":[336],"primitivs":[337],"such":[338],"confidentiality,":[340],"authentication.":[343]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
