{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3020206637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988903","title":"Recent Trends in Deep Learning Based Open-Domain Textual Question Answering Systems","display_name":"Recent Trends in Deep Learning Based Open-Domain Textual Question Answering Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3020206637","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988903","mag":"3020206637"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2988903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988903","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09072442.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09072442.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011008665","display_name":"Zhen Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4819-373X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101640834","display_name":"Shiyi Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-1051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyi Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4158-1051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101814774","display_name":"Minghao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5002-3724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100382950","display_name":"Xinyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6280-1300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072973188","display_name":"Jinyan Qiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyan Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["H.R. Support Center, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"H.R. Support Center, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003730869","display_name":"Yongquan Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7564-5239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongquan Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110110696","display_name":"Yuncai Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuncai Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unit 31011, People\u2019s Liberation Army, Beijing, China","Unit 31011, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit 31011, People\u2019s Liberation Army, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unit 31011, People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101645557","display_name":"Yuxing Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8223-5588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxing Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102003608","display_name":"Changjian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1160-0365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changjian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.9973,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96989347,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"94341","last_page":"94356"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13274","display_name":"Expert finding and Q&A systems","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8749359846115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/question-answering","display_name":"Question answering","score":0.8397696614265442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-domain","display_name":"Open domain","score":0.7503517866134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.653396487236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.6086453795433044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5720617175102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5202175974845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5115826725959778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.5049658417701721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.48929116129875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4843124449253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-research","display_name":"Open research","score":0.4803287088871002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4656323492527008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.44339919090270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading-comprehension","display_name":"Reading comprehension","score":0.4341660737991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3517328202724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3480900526046753}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8749359846115112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.8397696614265442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993776861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Open domain","level":3,"score":0.7503517866134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.653396487236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6086453795433044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5720617175102234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5202175974845886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5115826725959778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5049658417701721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.48929116129875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4843124449253082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778464652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309849","display_name":"Open research","level":2,"score":0.4803287088871002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4656323492527008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.44339919090270996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778780117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269423","display_name":"Reading comprehension","level":3,"score":0.4341660737991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3517328202724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3480900526046753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2988903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988903","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09072442.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:09371752c15a407f8a6ff7cabf847c9a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/09371752c15a407f8a6ff7cabf847c9a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 94341-94356 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2988903","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988903","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09072442.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4488484741","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0204300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3020206637.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3020206637.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":176,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14243949","https://openalex.org/W102708294","https://openalex.org/W182831726","https://openalex.org/W580074167","https://openalex.org/W1694079474","https://openalex.org/W2001771035","https://openalex.org/W2022166150","https://openalex.org/W2029891043","https://openalex.org/W2059001985","https://openalex.org/W2062653041","https://openalex.org/W2080133951","https://openalex.org/W2086511124","https://openalex.org/W2094728533","https://openalex.org/W2103247590","https://openalex.org/W2106750491","https://openalex.org/W2115758952","https://openalex.org/W2120391124","https://openalex.org/W2123442489","https://openalex.org/W2126754439","https://openalex.org/W2128877075","https://openalex.org/W2137687953","https://openalex.org/W2138790992","https://openalex.org/W2143331230","https://openalex.org/W2143666849","https://openalex.org/W2149427297","https://openalex.org/W2153828680","https://openalex.org/W2170872814","https://openalex.org/W2171278097","https://openalex.org/W2182361439","https://openalex.org/W2250539671","https://openalex.org/W2252136820","https://openalex.org/W2267186426","https://openalex.org/W2296024507","https://openalex.org/W2516930406","https://openalex.org/W2517782820","https://openalex.org/W2521709538","https://openalex.org/W2551396370","https://openalex.org/W2552027021","https://openalex.org/W2560932211","https://openalex.org/W2566011400","https://openalex.org/W2607739056","https://openalex.org/W2609826708","https://openalex.org/W2626154462","https://openalex.org/W2739716023","https://openalex.org/W2740747242","https://openalex.org/W2741263286","https://openalex.org/W2741998045","https://openalex.org/W2766371743","https://openalex.org/W2767693128","https://openalex.org/W2769395616","https://openalex.org/W2770970123","https://openalex.org/W2774514250","https://openalex.org/W2787146684","https://openalex.org/W2788283425","https://openalex.org/W2788448041","https://openalex.org/W2788913402","https://openalex.org/W2798416089","https://openalex.org/W2798586382","https://openalex.org/W2799081691","https://openalex.org/W2799355993","https://openalex.org/W2804916561","https://openalex.org/W2884001105","https://openalex.org/W2887557046","https://openalex.org/W2889787757","https://openalex.org/W2890744983","https://openalex.org/W2890961898","https://openalex.org/W2892280852","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2897794193","https://openalex.org/W2898858752","https://openalex.org/W2907822478","https://openalex.org/W2912924812","https://openalex.org/W2948714225","https://openalex.org/W2949428332","https://openalex.org/W2949615363","https://openalex.org/W2949847757","https://openalex.org/W2950199911","https://openalex.org/W2950729111","https://openalex.org/W2951359136","https://openalex.org/W2951434086","https://openalex.org/W2951493960","https://openalex.org/W2951534261","https://openalex.org/W2951682790","https://openalex.org/W2951862794","https://openalex.org/W2952028139","https://openalex.org/W2955504197","https://openalex.org/W2962718483","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2962745909","https://openalex.org/W2962808855","https://openalex.org/W2962843773","https://openalex.org/W2962922117","https://openalex.org/W2962985038","https://openalex.org/W2963127467","https://openalex.org/W2963159735","https://openalex.org/W2963174729","https://openalex.org/W2963301888","https://openalex.org/W2963339397","https://openalex.org/W2963350559","https://openalex.org/W2963363070","https://openalex.org/W2963393262","https://openalex.org/W2963542836","https://openalex.org/W2963547127","https://openalex.org/W2963691697","https://openalex.org/W2963748441","https://openalex.org/W2963769536","https://openalex.org/W2963809228","https://openalex.org/W2963829073","https://openalex.org/W2963866616","https://openalex.org/W2963898730","https://openalex.org/W2963899988","https://openalex.org/W2963918774","https://openalex.org/W2963963993","https://openalex.org/W2963967365","https://openalex.org/W2964089012","https://openalex.org/W2964181805","https://openalex.org/W2964182247","https://openalex.org/W2964348592","https://openalex.org/W2970742161","https://openalex.org/W2982756474","https://openalex.org/W3002072934","https://openalex.org/W3098057198","https://openalex.org/W4245267204","https://openalex.org/W4252222626","https://openalex.org/W4288083766","https://openalex.org/W4288548690","https://openalex.org/W4294329082","https://openalex.org/W4294367149","https://openalex.org/W4295253143","https://openalex.org/W4297730339","https://openalex.org/W4299280717","https://openalex.org/W4299585995","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6600563529","https://openalex.org/W6607690188","https://openalex.org/W6617055948","https://openalex.org/W6632455782","https://openalex.org/W6666245190","https://openalex.org/W6672077861","https://openalex.org/W6675377351","https://openalex.org/W6676131551","https://openalex.org/W6677732584","https://openalex.org/W6678637124","https://openalex.org/W6681348963","https://openalex.org/W6685160515","https://openalex.org/W6685221346","https://openalex.org/W6685961532","https://openalex.org/W6691476020","https://openalex.org/W6726253136","https://openalex.org/W6729263887","https://openalex.org/W6729654139","https://openalex.org/W6729938257","https://openalex.org/W6730203008","https://openalex.org/W6731601432","https://openalex.org/W6734897383","https://openalex.org/W6737119325","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6740558922","https://openalex.org/W6743554579","https://openalex.org/W6745396146","https://openalex.org/W6745591650","https://openalex.org/W6745742132","https://openalex.org/W6745819962","https://openalex.org/W6746261267","https://openalex.org/W6747227044","https://openalex.org/W6747248625","https://openalex.org/W6748762347","https://openalex.org/W6749101747","https://openalex.org/W6751097180","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6758274703","https://openalex.org/W6760019105","https://openalex.org/W6760727467","https://openalex.org/W6763561678","https://openalex.org/W6764256271","https://openalex.org/W6765403145"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2391533720","https://openalex.org/W2951097643","https://openalex.org/W4309395021","https://openalex.org/W3215363805","https://openalex.org/W204133468","https://openalex.org/W2991310128","https://openalex.org/W4307481286","https://openalex.org/W2395174199","https://openalex.org/W4226441484","https://openalex.org/W2516703895"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Open-domain":[0],"textual":[1,30,92,103,116],"question":[2],"answering":[3],"(QA),":[4],"which":[5,51],"aims":[6],"to":[7,35,55,84],"answer":[8],"questions":[9],"from":[10],"large":[11],"data":[12],"sources":[13],"like":[14],"Wikipedia":[15],"or":[16],"the":[17,36,53,87,106,125,128],"web,":[18],"has":[19],"gained":[20],"wide":[21],"attention":[22],"in":[23,28,72,111],"recent":[24,68,95],"years.":[25],"Recent":[26],"advancements":[27,97],"open-domain":[29,91,102,115],"QA":[31,117],"are":[32],"mainly":[33],"due":[34],"significant":[37],"developments":[38],"of":[39,64,90,130],"deep":[40,99],"learning":[41,100],"techniques,":[42],"especially":[43],"machine":[44],"reading":[45],"comprehension":[46],"and":[47,67,108,113,119,133],"neural-network-based":[48],"information":[49],"retrieval,":[50],"allows":[52],"models":[54,107],"continuously":[56],"refresh":[57],"state-of-the-art":[58],"performances.":[59],"However,":[60],"a":[61,81],"comprehensive":[62],"review":[63],"existing":[65,131],"approaches":[66],"trends":[69],"is":[70],"lacked":[71],"this":[73,77],"field.":[74],"To":[75],"address":[76],"issue,":[78],"we":[79,123],"present":[80],"thorough":[82],"survey":[83],"explicitly":[85],"give":[86],"task":[88],"scope":[89],"QA,":[93,104],"overview":[94],"key":[96],"on":[98],"based":[101],"illustrate":[105],"acceleration":[109],"methods":[110],"detail,":[112],"introduce":[114],"datasets":[118],"evaluation":[120],"metrics.":[121],"Finally,":[122],"summary":[124],"models,":[126],"discuss":[127],"limitations":[129],"works":[132],"potential":[134],"future":[135],"research":[136],"directions.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
