{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3019791958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988691","title":"Exploring Shodan From the Perspective of Industrial Control Systems","display_name":"Exploring Shodan From the Perspective of Industrial Control Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3019791958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988691","mag":"3019791958"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2988691","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988691","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09072175.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09072175.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077607914","display_name":"Yongle Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1000-1109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yongle Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1000-1109","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020527324","display_name":"Xiaowei Lian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaowei Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082075857","display_name":"Dan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0999-8543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0999-8543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102025291","display_name":"Shichao Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0549-0999"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110458","display_name":"Institute of Electronics","ror":"https://ror.org/01z143507","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156404","display_name":"Institute of Information Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04r53se39","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210156404"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shichao Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Key Laboratory of IoT Information Security Technology, IIE CAS, Beijing, China","Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0549-0999","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Key Laboratory of IoT Information Security Technology, IIE CAS, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110458"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156404","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058345273","display_name":"Shaochen Hao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaochen Hao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101568942","display_name":"Yao Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4985-8724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9086337","display_name":"Taiyuan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03kv08d37","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Computer, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077607914"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9086337"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.267,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88668668,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"75359","last_page":"75369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/honeypot","display_name":"Honeypot","score":0.9140785932540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7440376877784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-control-system","display_name":"Industrial control system","score":0.7179320454597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5159176588058472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5029143691062927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.43195950984954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/port","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","score":0.42564114928245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4148944616317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3944963812828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24384760856628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1926516592502594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1452120542526245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191267431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911932","display_name":"Honeypot","level":2,"score":0.9140785932540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7440376877784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40071531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2513962","display_name":"Industrial control system","level":3,"score":0.7179320454597473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5159176588058472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5029143691062927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.43195950984954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32802771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2443617","display_name":"Port (circuit theory)","level":2,"score":0.42564114928245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4148944616317749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3944963812828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24384760856628418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1926516592502594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1452120542526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2988691","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988691","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09072175.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3f51ed3a37ce4e8c84cf79b953af12f2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3f51ed3a37ce4e8c84cf79b953af12f2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 75359-75369 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2988691","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988691","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09072175.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G246201033","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0803402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8337943084","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201903D121121","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336035","funder_display_name":"Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G920525247","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201701D111002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322666","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322666","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336035","display_name":"Shanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3019791958.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3019791958.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1656241441","https://openalex.org/W1669806660","https://openalex.org/W1964234701","https://openalex.org/W1980991316","https://openalex.org/W1983442091","https://openalex.org/W2012095206","https://openalex.org/W2095195703","https://openalex.org/W2101173463","https://openalex.org/W2124628099","https://openalex.org/W2138449377","https://openalex.org/W2158007046","https://openalex.org/W2210838940","https://openalex.org/W2293945121","https://openalex.org/W2553389691","https://openalex.org/W2566216656","https://openalex.org/W2587027871","https://openalex.org/W2619120631","https://openalex.org/W2619874920","https://openalex.org/W2789844390","https://openalex.org/W4255738146","https://openalex.org/W6637397297","https://openalex.org/W6674932189","https://openalex.org/W6688087084","https://openalex.org/W6697037594","https://openalex.org/W6738520201"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2789663798","https://openalex.org/W2375896275","https://openalex.org/W4230913293","https://openalex.org/W2166943775","https://openalex.org/W4389485405","https://openalex.org/W2796752342","https://openalex.org/W1967903162","https://openalex.org/W2990025694","https://openalex.org/W4200331022","https://openalex.org/W4285327734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"an":[1,125],"essential":[2],"component":[3],"of":[4,20,118,135,143],"the":[5,8,21,39,97,108,115,133],"critical":[6],"infrastructure,":[7],"Industrial":[9],"Control":[10],"System":[11],"(ICS)":[12],"is":[13,104],"facing":[14],"increasing":[15],"cyber":[16],"threats.":[17],"The":[18],"emergence":[19],"Shodan":[22,40,66,93,109,129,136,169],"search":[23,41,67],"engine":[24,42],"also":[25],"magnified":[26],"this":[27,54],"threat.":[28,170],"Since":[29],"it":[30],"can":[31],"identify":[32,92],"and":[33,50,76,100,110,131,155],"index":[34],"Internet-connected":[35],"industrial":[36,138],"control":[37,139],"devices,":[38],"has":[43],"become":[44],"a":[45,62,86],"favorite":[46],"toolkit":[47],"for":[48,128],"attackers":[49],"penetration":[51],"testers.":[52],"In":[53],"paper,":[55],"we":[56,84,123,162],"use":[57],"honeypot":[58,74],"technology":[59],"to":[60,91,106,114,167],"conduct":[61,124],"comprehensive":[63],"exploring":[64,82],"on":[65,96,137],"engine.":[68],"We":[69],"first":[70],"deploy":[71],"six":[72],"distributed":[73],"systems":[75,140],"collect":[77],"three-month":[78],"traffic":[79,101],"data.":[80],"For":[81],"Shodan,":[83],"design":[85],"hierarchical":[87],"DFA-SVM":[88],"recognition":[89],"model":[90],"scans":[94,130],"based":[95],"function":[98,158],"code":[99,159],"feature,":[102],"which":[103],"adapted":[105],"find":[107],"Shodan-like":[111],"scanners":[112],"superior":[113],"predominant":[116],"method":[117],"reverse":[119],"resolving":[120],"IPs.":[121],"Finally,":[122],"in-depth":[126],"analysis":[127],"evaluate":[132],"impact":[134],"in":[141],"terms":[142],"scanning":[144,146,148],"time,":[145],"frequency,":[147],"port,":[149],"region":[150],"preferences,":[151],"ICS":[152,156],"protocol":[153,157],"preferences":[154],"proportion.":[160],"Accordingly,":[161],"provide":[163],"some":[164],"defensive":[165],"measures":[166],"mitigate":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}