{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016348804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988038","title":"Concurrent Respiration Monitoring of Multiple Subjects by Phase-Comparison Monopulse Radar Using Independent Component Analysis (ICA) With JADE Algorithm and Direction of Arrival (DOA)","display_name":"Concurrent Respiration Monitoring of Multiple Subjects by Phase-Comparison Monopulse Radar Using Independent Component Analysis (ICA) With JADE Algorithm and Direction of Arrival (DOA)","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016348804","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988038","mag":"3016348804"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2988038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988038","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09067841.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09067841.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007240091","display_name":"Shekh Md Mahmudul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-6970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shekh M. M. Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8602-6970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080653289","display_name":"Olga Bori\u0107-Lubecke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2877-7359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olga Boric-Lubecke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076086562","display_name":"Victor M. Lubekce","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117965899","display_name":"University of Hawai\u02bbi at M\u0101noa","ror":"https://ror.org/01wspgy28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor M. Lubekce","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007240091"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117965899"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.9647,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96134581,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"73558","last_page":"73569"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monopulse-radar","display_name":"Monopulse radar","score":0.8055485486984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/independent-component-analysis","display_name":"Independent component analysis","score":0.7578076720237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.6620604991912842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6584333777427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.652067244052887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6127120852470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doppler-radar","display_name":"Doppler radar","score":0.5083059668540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equidistant","display_name":"Equidistant","score":0.49713948369026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-engineering-details","display_name":"Radar engineering details","score":0.468156099319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-tracker","display_name":"Radar tracker","score":0.412244975566864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31747978925704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.28657031059265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.2377682626247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18327751755714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1572909951210022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186770734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622911","display_name":"Monopulse radar","level":5,"score":0.8055485486984253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51432778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259145","display_name":"Independent component analysis","level":2,"score":0.7578076720237732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.6620604991912842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6584333777427673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.652067244052887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6127120852470398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334213","display_name":"Doppler radar","level":3,"score":0.5083059668540955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158245278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4386982","display_name":"Equidistant","level":2,"score":0.49713948369026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134406370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832005","display_name":"Radar engineering details","level":4,"score":0.468156099319458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32283439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1407014","display_name":"Radar tracker","level":3,"score":0.412244975566864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31747978925704956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.28657031059265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.2377682626247406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18327751755714417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1572909951210022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2988038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988038","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09067841.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c0977b537e214c52ad252db3ea411b7d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c0977b537e214c52ad252db3ea411b7d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 73558-73569 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2988038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2988038","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09067841.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G252931946","display_name":"STTR Phase II:  Occupancy Estimation and Energy Savings with True Presence Sensors","funder_award_id":"1831303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4283348861","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIP-1831303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7560023169","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1915738","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7863668996","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIP-1831303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8768262814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIS-1915738","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3016348804.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3016348804.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W86188689","https://openalex.org/W658417052","https://openalex.org/W933204472","https://openalex.org/W1433077051","https://openalex.org/W1480964377","https://openalex.org/W1538006934","https://openalex.org/W1549441096","https://openalex.org/W1639716765","https://openalex.org/W1964436429","https://openalex.org/W1977627731","https://openalex.org/W1979525035","https://openalex.org/W1983848784","https://openalex.org/W1984474176","https://openalex.org/W1989733753","https://openalex.org/W2011049057","https://openalex.org/W2041137821","https://openalex.org/W2065726711","https://openalex.org/W2072641332","https://openalex.org/W2085521383","https://openalex.org/W2099743383","https://openalex.org/W2108384452","https://openalex.org/W2115642368","https://openalex.org/W2116215945","https://openalex.org/W2119647652","https://openalex.org/W2133475491","https://openalex.org/W2137355544","https://openalex.org/W2138178674","https://openalex.org/W2151695399","https://openalex.org/W2162632502","https://openalex.org/W2167409901","https://openalex.org/W2171942582","https://openalex.org/W2610416811","https://openalex.org/W2766175190","https://openalex.org/W2770074009","https://openalex.org/W2885871685","https://openalex.org/W2898779089","https://openalex.org/W2911241219","https://openalex.org/W2913196780","https://openalex.org/W2945319194","https://openalex.org/W2945878666","https://openalex.org/W6624448876","https://openalex.org/W6677103470"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073016110","https://openalex.org/W2084270166","https://openalex.org/W1590237885","https://openalex.org/W2786427275","https://openalex.org/W2084616195","https://openalex.org/W1836016860","https://openalex.org/W1864410396","https://openalex.org/W2955010437","https://openalex.org/W2366430195","https://openalex.org/W2171702250"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"non-contact":[1],"monitoring":[2,14,137,148],"of":[3,15,49,64,88,105],"human":[4],"respiration":[5,147],"has":[6,26],"been":[7,29],"demonstrated":[8,120],"using":[9],"Doppler":[10],"radar,":[11],"the":[12,38,68,82],"concurrent":[13],"multiple":[16],"equidistant":[17],"subjects":[18,66],"remains":[19],"a":[20,45],"significant":[21],"technological":[22],"challenge.":[23],"Reported":[24],"research":[25],"so":[27],"far":[28],"limited":[30],"to":[31,60,121,134,142],"maintaining":[32],"1-m":[33],"subject":[34,107],"separation,":[35],"based":[36],"on":[37],"radar":[39,69],"antenna":[40],"beam-width.":[41],"Proposed":[42],"here":[43],"is":[44,108,119],"hybrid":[46],"method":[47,128],"consisting":[48],"an":[50,97,114],"SNR-based":[51,92],"intelligent":[52],"decision":[53,93],"algorithm":[54,84,94],"which":[55,139],"integrates":[56],"two":[57,65,131],"different":[58],"approaches":[59],"isolate":[61],"respiratory":[62,124],"signatures":[63],"within":[67],"beam-width":[70],"separated":[71],"by":[72,110],"less":[73],"than":[74],"1":[75],"meter.":[76],"Using":[77],"Independent":[78],"Component":[79],"Analysis":[80],"with":[81,96],"JADE":[83],"(ICA-JADE)":[85],"and":[86,113],"Direction":[87],"Arrival":[89],"(DOA),":[90],"this":[91],"works":[95],"accuracy":[98],"above":[99],"93%.":[100],"In":[101],"addition,":[102],"angular":[103],"location":[104],"each":[106],"estimated":[109],"phase-comparison":[111],"monopulse":[112],"integrated":[115],"beam":[116],"switching":[117],"capability":[118],"optimally":[122],"extract":[123],"information.":[125],"The":[126],"proposed":[127],"coherently":[129],"combines":[130],"separation":[132],"methods":[133],"overcome":[135],"multiple-subject":[136],"limits":[138],"can":[140],"lead":[141],"practical":[143],"adoption":[144],"for":[145],"many":[146],"applications.":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
