{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3015726929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986972","title":"Current Status and Future Trends of GaN HEMTs in Electrified Transportation","display_name":"Current Status and Future Trends of GaN HEMTs in Electrified Transportation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3015726929","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986972","mag":"3015726929"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986972","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09063442.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09063442.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054684438","display_name":"Niloufar Keshmiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-2266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niloufar Keshmiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0567-2266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101578015","display_name":"Deqiang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8490-7790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deqiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003390245","display_name":"Bharat Agrawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1565-044X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bharat Agrawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1565-044X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073273882","display_name":"Ruoyu Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0301-1752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruoyu Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079326512","display_name":"Ali Emadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0676-1455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Emadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"McMaster Institute for Automotive Research and Technology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":10.7187,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":209,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98914125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"70553","last_page":"70571"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.5666298270225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gallium-nitride","display_name":"Gallium nitride","score":0.5130401849746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.4373820424079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.43398475646972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-physics","display_name":"Engineering physics","score":0.392543762922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.34553414583206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.2857120633125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2550184726715088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.16097551584243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.1606631577014923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12466832995414734}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.5666298270225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778871202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411713","display_name":"Gallium nitride","level":3,"score":0.5130401849746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4373820424079895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.43398475646972656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61696701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770766","display_name":"Engineering physics","level":1,"score":0.392543762922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.34553414583206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2857120633125305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2550184726715088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16097551584243774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.1606631577014923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12466832995414734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986972","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09063442.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b0d98dfc9d8a4ec38a4609e8330d8bb5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b0d98dfc9d8a4ec38a4609e8330d8bb5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 70553-70571 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986972","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986972","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09063442.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311526","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321481","display_name":"Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/02tvrwm90"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3015726929.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3015726929.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":94,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505736273","https://openalex.org/W1571505829","https://openalex.org/W1584659942","https://openalex.org/W1597447462","https://openalex.org/W1820966235","https://openalex.org/W1849656156","https://openalex.org/W1899063754","https://openalex.org/W1945726897","https://openalex.org/W1950945414","https://openalex.org/W1972715367","https://openalex.org/W1974592401","https://openalex.org/W1978821660","https://openalex.org/W2008298371","https://openalex.org/W2015241962","https://openalex.org/W2027362765","https://openalex.org/W2029699094","https://openalex.org/W2031278966","https://openalex.org/W2046204093","https://openalex.org/W2048529773","https://openalex.org/W2048881233","https://openalex.org/W2061342073","https://openalex.org/W2065088108","https://openalex.org/W2068392573","https://openalex.org/W2070285422","https://openalex.org/W2071828783","https://openalex.org/W2085066220","https://openalex.org/W2089358609","https://openalex.org/W2091729281","https://openalex.org/W2095947529","https://openalex.org/W2104841496","https://openalex.org/W2107079456","https://openalex.org/W2107470485","https://openalex.org/W2111729025","https://openalex.org/W2127710770","https://openalex.org/W2141493987","https://openalex.org/W2144286815","https://openalex.org/W2147283595","https://openalex.org/W2150237098","https://openalex.org/W2150276919","https://openalex.org/W2152353827","https://openalex.org/W2152865858","https://openalex.org/W2162967936","https://openalex.org/W2169301346","https://openalex.org/W2169346090","https://openalex.org/W2206905041","https://openalex.org/W2254662792","https://openalex.org/W2258353006","https://openalex.org/W2327095963","https://openalex.org/W2344460661","https://openalex.org/W2406796786","https://openalex.org/W2461874365","https://openalex.org/W2480037444","https://openalex.org/W2517970427","https://openalex.org/W2524444794","https://openalex.org/W2532793419","https://openalex.org/W2540657322","https://openalex.org/W2542216693","https://openalex.org/W2554962789","https://openalex.org/W2569655628","https://openalex.org/W2582413668","https://openalex.org/W2586254081","https://openalex.org/W2587936572","https://openalex.org/W2588449410","https://openalex.org/W2592901630","https://openalex.org/W2603981610","https://openalex.org/W2614493024","https://openalex.org/W2614791712","https://openalex.org/W2707943909","https://openalex.org/W2735707227","https://openalex.org/W2735709729","https://openalex.org/W2740931275","https://openalex.org/W2769211735","https://openalex.org/W2775289494","https://openalex.org/W2775571768","https://openalex.org/W2788013722","https://openalex.org/W2798666355","https://openalex.org/W2798865274","https://openalex.org/W2807705536","https://openalex.org/W2886592524","https://openalex.org/W2888824326","https://openalex.org/W2903345876","https://openalex.org/W2904444030","https://openalex.org/W2904943881","https://openalex.org/W2970275527","https://openalex.org/W4285786398","https://openalex.org/W6673562110","https://openalex.org/W6688169542","https://openalex.org/W6692002452","https://openalex.org/W6692422675","https://openalex.org/W6698039514","https://openalex.org/W6729009128","https://openalex.org/W6729036914","https://openalex.org/W6731273613","https://openalex.org/W6761247490"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982412832","https://openalex.org/W4244464241","https://openalex.org/W2384573129","https://openalex.org/W2351224547","https://openalex.org/W2358945257","https://openalex.org/W4318692582","https://openalex.org/W4368618351","https://openalex.org/W2006863447","https://openalex.org/W2004911196","https://openalex.org/W2565133973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gallium":[0],"Nitride":[1],"High":[2],"Electron":[3],"Mobility":[4],"Transistors":[5],"(GaN":[6],"HEMTs)":[7],"enable":[8],"higher":[9,11],"efficiency,":[10],"power":[12],"density,":[13],"and":[14,22,75,106,128],"smaller":[15,21],"passive":[16],"components":[17],"resulting":[18],"in":[19,45,88,101,117],"lighter,":[20],"more":[23],"efficient":[24],"electrical":[25],"systems":[26],"as":[27],"opposed":[28],"to":[29],"conventional":[30],"Silicon":[31],"(Si)":[32],"based":[33],"devices.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"investigates":[37],"the":[38,55,70,84,89],"detailed":[39,81],"benefits":[40],"of":[41,52,57,83,86,98,114,119],"using":[42],"GaN":[43,53,58,87,99,115],"devices":[44,100,116],"transportation":[46,71],"electrification":[47],"applications.":[48],"The":[49,66,96],"material":[50],"properties":[51],"including":[54],"applications":[56],"HEMTs":[59],"at":[60],"different":[61],"switch":[62],"ratings":[63],"are":[64,73,78,130],"presented.":[65,79],"challenges":[67],"currently":[68],"facing":[69],"industry":[72],"introduced":[74],"possible":[76],"solutions":[77],"A":[80],"review":[82],"use":[85],"Electric":[90],"Vehicle":[91],"(EV)":[92],"powertrain":[93],"is":[94,109],"discussed.":[95],"implementation":[97],"aircraft,":[102],"ships,":[103],"rail":[104],"vehicles":[105,108],"heavy-duty":[107],"briefly":[110],"covered.":[111],"Future":[112],"trends":[113],"terms":[118],"cost,":[120],"voltage":[121],"level,":[122],"gate":[123],"driver":[124],"design,":[125],"thermal":[126],"management":[127],"packaging":[129],"investigated.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
