{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016093981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986383","title":"Institutional Collaboration and Competition in Artificial Intelligence","display_name":"Institutional Collaboration and Competition in Artificial Intelligence","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016093981","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986383","mag":"3016093981"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986383","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09058706.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09058706.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087454508","display_name":"Zhou Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6265-7310"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297991670","display_name":"Southwest University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04d996474","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297991670"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801345734","display_name":"China Academy of Engineering Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/039vqpp67","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","Graduate School, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China","Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6265-7310","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801345734"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297991670"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016501875","display_name":"Sha Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5503-3008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100255","display_name":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/016a74861","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sha Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China","Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100255"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100633735","display_name":"Yongli Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2219-067X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36399199","display_name":"Nanjing University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00xp9wg62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongli Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36399199"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1757,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89767473,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"69734","last_page":"69741"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10102","display_name":"scientometrics and bibliometrics research","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.9714000225067139,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13402","display_name":"Business Strategy and Innovation","score":0.9643999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.8180371522903442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notice","display_name":"Notice","score":0.6938154697418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.6335572600364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4772215485572815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.4463580250740051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4307056665420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-research","display_name":"Institutional research","score":0.41901007294654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-management","display_name":"Knowledge management","score":0.3912321627140045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.34056273102760315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22262653708457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12068775296211243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education","display_name":"Higher education","score":0.11775416135787964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.8180371522903442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779913896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7063001","display_name":"Notice","level":2,"score":0.6938154697418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6335572600364685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4772215485572815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4463580250740051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4307056665420532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777161012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6041211","display_name":"Institutional research","level":3,"score":0.41901007294654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3912321627140045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34056273102760315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22262653708457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12068775296211243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.11775416135787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986383","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09058706.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d11bccde6028424193bee0ab8df4dbfb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d11bccde6028424193bee0ab8df4dbfb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 69734-69741 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986383","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986383","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09058706.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1126408649","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18BTQ073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1931098107","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30918012204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2791272891","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18BTQ073","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","funder_display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3160330032","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61941113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3986486420","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30918012204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5660505049","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G625746394","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5211XT190033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7950735603","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"30918015103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335869","display_name":"National Social Science Fund of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164742700","https://openalex.org/W1607994482","https://openalex.org/W1643877622","https://openalex.org/W1799889357","https://openalex.org/W1967516159","https://openalex.org/W1968821429","https://openalex.org/W1985702706","https://openalex.org/W1997962522","https://openalex.org/W2022322548","https://openalex.org/W2032348988","https://openalex.org/W2045664017","https://openalex.org/W2060348061","https://openalex.org/W2064853889","https://openalex.org/W2076230195","https://openalex.org/W2097777089","https://openalex.org/W2114187424","https://openalex.org/W2116203429","https://openalex.org/W2116871268","https://openalex.org/W2122831750","https://openalex.org/W2125315567","https://openalex.org/W2143017621","https://openalex.org/W2145893390","https://openalex.org/W2253068995","https://openalex.org/W2271428389","https://openalex.org/W2316830392","https://openalex.org/W2465814439","https://openalex.org/W2468433185","https://openalex.org/W2571046694","https://openalex.org/W2765658614","https://openalex.org/W2785326698","https://openalex.org/W2793071066","https://openalex.org/W2794298852","https://openalex.org/W2795243494","https://openalex.org/W2804218195","https://openalex.org/W2806383603","https://openalex.org/W2809279178","https://openalex.org/W2889066974","https://openalex.org/W2890689351","https://openalex.org/W2899396294","https://openalex.org/W2904405183","https://openalex.org/W2945056637","https://openalex.org/W2949735510","https://openalex.org/W2955853369","https://openalex.org/W2982213159","https://openalex.org/W2985105610","https://openalex.org/W6719871018","https://openalex.org/W6750201302","https://openalex.org/W6751792005","https://openalex.org/W6763729809","https://openalex.org/W6769978449"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3018282762","https://openalex.org/W2558055997","https://openalex.org/W2791183434","https://openalex.org/W2353369313","https://openalex.org/W4400794747","https://openalex.org/W4250645680","https://openalex.org/W4300782058","https://openalex.org/W2086339586","https://openalex.org/W2394387726","https://openalex.org/W2378724474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,195],"institutional":[1,72,206],"collaboration":[2,73,104,114,125,207],"and":[3,22,34,58,74,119,149,165,186,192,208,221],"competition":[4,75,159,180,209],"in":[5,36,42,76,116,162,170],"academia":[6],"have":[7,133],"benefited":[8],"the":[9,18,31,54,63,69,86,103,113,121,142,156,167,171,179,188],"development":[10],"of":[11,20,29,71,88,90,123,146,190,197],"science,":[12],"with":[13],"inter-institutional":[14,124],"scientific":[15,217],"work":[16,59],"promoting":[17,216],"exchange":[19],"ideas":[21],"competing":[23],"fields":[24],"developing":[25],"rapidly.":[26],"However,":[27],"understanding":[28],"how":[30],"institutions":[32,148,161,182],"collaborate":[33],"compete":[35],"science":[37],"is":[38,47,126],"sorely":[39],"lacking,":[40],"especially":[41],"emerging":[43],"fields.":[44],"Artificial":[45],"intelligence":[46,78],"such":[48],"a":[49],"booming":[50],"field":[51,118],"currently,":[52],"changing":[53],"way":[55],"we":[56,65,95,175],"live":[57],"daily.":[60],"To":[61],"illustrate":[62],"problem,":[64],"try":[66],"to":[67],"reveal":[68],"evolution":[70,115],"artificial":[77],"by":[79,101],"applying":[80],"<italic":[81],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[82],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">AI":[83],"2000</i>":[84],"from":[85],"perspective":[87],"Science":[89],"Science.":[91],"In":[92,173],"this":[93,117,198],"paper,":[94],"make":[96],"multiple":[97],"multidimensional":[98],"statistical":[99],"analyses":[100],"scrutinizing":[102],"network,":[105],"research":[106,196,203,219],"interests,":[107],"talent":[108],"flow,":[109],"etc.":[110],"We":[111,140,154],"demonstrate":[112],"find":[120],"advantage":[122],"growing":[127],"over":[128],"time":[129],"for":[130,183,215],"papers":[131],"that":[132],"been":[134],"published":[135],"more":[136],"than":[137],"5":[138],"years.":[139],"discover":[141],"common":[143],"cooperation":[144,185],"modes":[145],"top":[147],"visualize":[150],"their":[151],"closer":[152],"cooperation.":[153],"highlight":[155],"critical":[157],"resources":[158],"among":[160,181],"three":[163],"dimensions":[164],"learn":[166],"recent":[168],"trends":[169],"field.":[172],"particular,":[174],"are":[176],"concerned":[177],"about":[178],"cross-industry":[184,193],"notice":[187],"consistency":[189],"competitiveness":[191],"collaboration.":[194],"paper":[199],"may":[200],"support":[201],"further":[202],"studies":[204],"on":[205],"as":[210,212],"well":[211],"policy":[213],"proposals":[214],"innovation,":[218],"management,":[220],"funding.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T21:40:30.786675","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
