{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3015780179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986245","title":"A Privacy-Preserving and Efficient k-Nearest Neighbor Query and Classification Scheme Based on k-Dimensional Tree for Outsourced Data","display_name":"A Privacy-Preserving and Efficient k-Nearest Neighbor Query and Classification Scheme Based on k-Dimensional Tree for Outsourced Data","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3015780179","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986245","mag":"3015780179"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986245","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09058718.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09058718.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100755567","display_name":"Jiangyi Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3953-5040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74525822","display_name":"Hubei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02d3fj342","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangyi Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China","State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3953-5040","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74525822"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007356161","display_name":"Fuling Bian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118728","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing","ror":"https://ror.org/02bpap860","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fuling Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747","https://openalex.org/I4210118728"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.0077,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89052131,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"69333","last_page":"69345"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9847000241279602,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8361794352531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.7801321744918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6219658851623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paillier-cryptosystem","display_name":"Paillier cryptosystem","score":0.6094765067100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plaintext","display_name":"Plaintext","score":0.6011415719985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosystem","display_name":"Cryptosystem","score":0.5480605959892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.47571808099746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.4525664150714874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outsourcing","display_name":"Outsourcing","score":0.447482705116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.44481557607650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4118623733520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.3270456790924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3201811909675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.15424492955207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hybrid-cryptosystem","display_name":"Hybrid cryptosystem","score":0.08988016843795776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0825793445110321}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8361794352531433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.7801321744918823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6219658851623535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66989864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q594646","display_name":"Paillier cryptosystem","level":5,"score":0.6094765067100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92717368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1162538","display_name":"Plaintext","level":3,"score":0.6011415719985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.5480605959892273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.47571808099746704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.4525664150714874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46934059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61515","display_name":"Outsourcing","level":2,"score":0.447482705116272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.44481557607650757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4118623733520508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.3270456790924072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3201811909675598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.15424492955207825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73468433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1639918","display_name":"Hybrid cryptosystem","level":4,"score":0.08988016843795776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0825793445110321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986245","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09058718.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8e8a193277794b1a9e65792b9265f78c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8e8a193277794b1a9e65792b9265f78c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 69333-69345 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986245","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09058718.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3015780179.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3015780179.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W133884053","https://openalex.org/W1528076390","https://openalex.org/W1895952394","https://openalex.org/W1977366836","https://openalex.org/W1979493600","https://openalex.org/W2041480327","https://openalex.org/W2056609765","https://openalex.org/W2069939137","https://openalex.org/W2074356711","https://openalex.org/W2077905990","https://openalex.org/W2090621269","https://openalex.org/W2128906841","https://openalex.org/W2132172731","https://openalex.org/W2151789982","https://openalex.org/W2154496743","https://openalex.org/W2158112071","https://openalex.org/W2163992091","https://openalex.org/W2191006491","https://openalex.org/W2192495285","https://openalex.org/W2398935881","https://openalex.org/W2410379568","https://openalex.org/W2490265015","https://openalex.org/W2558212438","https://openalex.org/W2592955546","https://openalex.org/W2595643875","https://openalex.org/W2738359623","https://openalex.org/W2752778006","https://openalex.org/W2788999463","https://openalex.org/W2790633729","https://openalex.org/W2921721648","https://openalex.org/W2923059398","https://openalex.org/W2977817969","https://openalex.org/W2978703897","https://openalex.org/W2990213768","https://openalex.org/W3018554693","https://openalex.org/W6605489568","https://openalex.org/W6679763910","https://openalex.org/W6714969089"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238582915","https://openalex.org/W1575311728","https://openalex.org/W2369575317","https://openalex.org/W3032578772","https://openalex.org/W1515856307","https://openalex.org/W1528334372","https://openalex.org/W2936027227","https://openalex.org/W2910586303","https://openalex.org/W197565096","https://openalex.org/W2539755804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cloud":[0],"computing":[1,14,16,22],"technology":[2,23],"has":[3,28,73],"attracted":[4],"the":[5,38,63,82,86,99,124,129,139,144,146,154,182,188,209],"attention":[6],"of":[7,131,197,203],"researchers":[8],"and":[9,18,109,123,138,142,187],"organizations":[10,48],"due":[11,36],"to":[12,24,37,127,152,162,181,208],"its":[13],"power,":[15],"efficiency":[17,166],"flexibility.":[19],"Using":[20],"cloud":[21,45],"analysis":[25],"outsourced":[26,133],"data":[27,32,51,72,135,169,186,192],"become":[29],"a":[30,104],"new":[31,60],"utilization":[33],"model.":[34],"However,":[35,75],"severe":[39],"security":[40],"risks":[41],"that":[42,175],"appear":[43],"in":[44,56,81,195],"computing,":[46],"most":[47],"now":[49],"encrypt":[50],"before":[52],"outsourcing":[53],"data.":[54],"Therefore,":[55],"recent":[57],"years,":[58],"many":[59],"works":[61],"on":[62,98],"k-Nearest":[64],"Neighbor":[65],"(denoted":[66,149],"by":[67,150],"k-NN)":[68],"algorithm":[69],"for":[70],"encrypted":[71,132,145,191],"appeared.":[74],"two":[76,116],"main":[77],"problems":[78],"are":[79],"existing":[80,100,117,189,210],"current":[83],"research:":[84],"either":[85],"program":[87],"is":[88,178,206],"not":[89],"secure":[90],"enough":[91],"or":[92],"inefficient.":[93],"In":[94],"this":[95,176],"paper,":[96],"based":[97],"problems,":[101],"we":[102],"design":[103],"non-interactive":[105,190,211],"privacy-preserving":[106],"k-NN":[107,156,212],"query":[108,140,165,193,201,213],"classification":[110,198],"scheme.":[111,214],"Our":[112,158],"proposed":[113,159],"scheme":[114,160,177,183,194,205],"uses":[115],"encryption":[118],"schemes:":[119],"Order":[120],"Preserving":[121],"Encryption":[122],"Paillier":[125],"cryptosystem,":[126],"preserve":[128],"confidentiality":[130],"data,":[134],"access":[136],"patterns,":[137],"record,":[141],"utilizes":[143],"k-dimensional":[147],"tree":[148],"kd-tree)":[151],"optimize":[153],"traditional":[155],"algorithm.":[157],"strives":[161],"achieve":[163],"high":[164],"while":[167],"ensuring":[168],"security.":[170],"Extensive":[171],"experimental":[172],"results":[173],"prove":[174],"very":[179],"close":[180],"using":[184],"plaintext":[185],"terms":[196],"accuracy.":[199],"The":[200],"runtime":[202],"our":[204],"superior":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
