{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016185400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986050","title":"Flexible Resource Block Allocation to Multiple Slices for Radio Access Network Slicing Using Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Flexible Resource Block Allocation to Multiple Slices for Radio Access Network Slicing Using Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016185400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986050","mag":"3016185400"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986050","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063656237","display_name":"Yu Abiko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-7531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Abiko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7165-7531","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000395357","display_name":"Takato Saito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7243-2270"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takato Saito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratories, NTT DOCOMO, Inc., Yokosuka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7243-2270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratories, NTT DOCOMO, Inc., Yokosuka, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071355863","display_name":"Daizo Ikeda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-0505"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daizo Ikeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratories, NTT DOCOMO, Inc., Yokosuka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4022-0505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratories, NTT DOCOMO, Inc., Yokosuka, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056078828","display_name":"K. Ohta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2360-9874"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ken Ohta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Laboratories, NTT DOCOMO, Inc., Yokosuka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2360-9874","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Laboratories, NTT DOCOMO, Inc., Yokosuka, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080425286","display_name":"Tadanori Mizuno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9831-4758"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190508380","display_name":"Aichi Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02qsepw74","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190508380"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadanori Mizuno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Science, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9831-4758","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Science, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190508380"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080607707","display_name":"Hiroshi Mineno","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3921-4298"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1298590031","display_name":"Shizuoka University","ror":"https://ror.org/01w6wtk13","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroshi Mineno","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3921-4298","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Integrated Science and Technology, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063656237"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1298590031"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":11.4972,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98730316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"68183","last_page":"68198"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8369433283805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7953493595123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.653684139251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.6300051212310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slicing","display_name":"Slicing","score":0.5876302123069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.5251752138137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4979119300842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-management","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","score":0.47132399678230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4446316659450531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4429616928100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.41911664605140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21155327558517456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8369433283805847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7953493595123291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.653684139251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.6300051212310791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488148","display_name":"Slicing","level":2,"score":0.5876302123069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.5251752138137817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4979119300842285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.47132399678230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4446316659450531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4429616928100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.41911664605140686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21155327558517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eb43642392fe4792bbe492b42afe54c1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eb43642392fe4792bbe492b42afe54c1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 68183-68198 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8700234122","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17H01730","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2155968351","https://openalex.org/W2160160578","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2334782222","https://openalex.org/W2517515906","https://openalex.org/W2602923095","https://openalex.org/W2604174486","https://openalex.org/W2612074600","https://openalex.org/W2744184417","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2783072796","https://openalex.org/W2786928559","https://openalex.org/W2793519446","https://openalex.org/W2807731816","https://openalex.org/W2813042785","https://openalex.org/W2884684432","https://openalex.org/W2898035736","https://openalex.org/W2900804979","https://openalex.org/W2909145994","https://openalex.org/W2917016789","https://openalex.org/W2939348587","https://openalex.org/W2951799221","https://openalex.org/W3010042998","https://openalex.org/W3010447317","https://openalex.org/W3100789280","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6685444567","https://openalex.org/W6748554570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2981227129","https://openalex.org/W3024206064","https://openalex.org/W2124130287","https://openalex.org/W4200445394","https://openalex.org/W2912086750","https://openalex.org/W2923452570","https://openalex.org/W206598027","https://openalex.org/W2978610750","https://openalex.org/W2022931285","https://openalex.org/W1589966275"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,21,43,159,183,220],"the":[1,45,63,72,84,93,108,120,134,191,210,216,221,230,234],"fifth-generation":[2],"of":[3,47,57,75,86,95,107,110,136,180,209,212,218,233],"mobile":[4],"communications,":[5],"network":[6,14,29],"slicing":[7,31,192],"is":[8,114,155,202,237],"used":[9],"to":[10,204],"provide":[11],"an":[12],"optimal":[13],"for":[15,123,142],"various":[16,171],"services":[17],"as":[18],"a":[19,26,51,100,124,140,143,149,156,187],"slice.":[20],"this":[22,199],"paper,":[23],"we":[24,138,185,223],"propose":[25],"radio":[27],"access":[28],"(RAN)":[30],"method":[32,101],"that":[33,102,145,169,189,229],"flexibly":[34],"allocates":[35],"RAN":[36],"resources":[37,88,147,207],"using":[38,116,152],"deep":[39],"reinforcement":[40],"learning":[41],"(DRL).":[42],"RANs,":[44],"number":[46,85,94,109,135,211,217],"slices":[48,96,213],"controlled":[49],"by":[50,214],"base":[52,64],"station":[53,65],"fluctuates":[54],"in":[55,166],"terms":[56],"user":[58,76],"ingress":[59],"and":[60,68,128,178,227],"egress":[61],"from":[62,133],"coverage":[66],"area":[67],"service":[69],"switching":[70],"on":[71,83,148,198],"respective":[73],"sets":[74],"equipment.":[77],"Therefore,":[78],"when":[79,92],"resource":[80],"allocation":[81,105,113],"depends":[82],"slices,":[87,137],"cannot":[89],"be":[90,164,174],"allocated":[91],"changes.":[97],"We":[98],"consider":[99],"makes":[103],"optimal-resource":[104],"independent":[106],"slices.":[111],"Resource":[112],"optimized":[115],"DRL,":[117],"which":[118,154],"learns":[119],"best":[121],"action":[122],"state":[125],"through":[126,176],"trial":[127,177],"error.":[129],"To":[130],"achieve":[131],"independence":[132],"show":[139,228],"design":[141,186],"model":[144,188],"manages":[146],"one-slice-by-one-agent":[150],"basis":[151],"Ape-X,":[153,160],"DRL":[157],"method.":[158],"because":[161],"agents":[162],"can":[163,173],"employed":[165],"parallel,":[167],"models":[168],"learn":[170],"environments":[172],"generated":[175],"error":[179],"multiple":[181,225],"environments.":[182],"addition,":[184],"satisfies":[190],"requirements":[193,236],"without":[194],"over-allocating":[195],"resources.":[196],"Based":[197],"design,":[200],"it":[201],"possible":[203],"optimally":[205],"allocate":[206],"independently":[208],"changing":[215],"agents.":[219],"evaluation,":[222],"test":[224],"scenarios":[226],"mean":[231],"satisfaction":[232],"slice":[235],"approximately":[238],"97%.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
