{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3016216260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986017","title":"Distinguishing Arc Types to Understand Complex Network Strength Structures and Hierarchical Connectivity Patterns","display_name":"Distinguishing Arc Types to Understand Complex Network Strength Structures and Hierarchical Connectivity Patterns","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3016216260","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986017","mag":"3016216260"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986017","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09057711.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09057711.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007319755","display_name":"Chung-Yuan Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8680-6755"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173093425","display_name":"Chang Gung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00d80zx46","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chung-Yuan Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8680-6755","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074389258","display_name":"Wei Chien Benny Chin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-3303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152815399","display_name":"Singapore University of Technology and Design","ror":"https://ror.org/05j6fvn87","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Chien Benny Chin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Complexity Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7215-3303","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Complexity Group, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152815399"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007319755"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173093425"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3524,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66059903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"71021","last_page":"71040"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10487","display_name":"Plant and animal studies","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10174","display_name":"Animal Behavior and Reproduction","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7450199127197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-network","display_name":"Complex network","score":0.5246255993843079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intuition","display_name":"Intuition","score":0.5140079259872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchy","display_name":"Hierarchy","score":0.5007717609405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.46500787138938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4425746202468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-structure","display_name":"Community structure","score":0.4253091812133789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3218764066696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19466632604599}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7450199127197266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34947359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q665189","display_name":"Complex network","level":2,"score":0.5246255993843079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132010649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222","display_name":"Intuition","level":2,"score":0.5140079259872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.5007717609405518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.46500787138938904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4425746202468872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133079900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155065","display_name":"Community structure","level":2,"score":0.4253091812133789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3218764066696167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19466632604599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986017","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09057711.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:80ab57aa454a44acb3e232fcd8deab5c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/80ab57aa454a44acb3e232fcd8deab5c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 71021-71040 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2986017","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2986017","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09057711.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321524","display_name":"Chang Gung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00d80zx46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322767","display_name":"Chang Gung Medical Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02verss31"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3016216260.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3016216260.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204184694","https://openalex.org/W274848666","https://openalex.org/W276233706","https://openalex.org/W659060387","https://openalex.org/W950821216","https://openalex.org/W1519532587","https://openalex.org/W1599271649","https://openalex.org/W1664443250","https://openalex.org/W1932416503","https://openalex.org/W1971421925","https://openalex.org/W1980737779","https://openalex.org/W1988572257","https://openalex.org/W1992190853","https://openalex.org/W1999148066","https://openalex.org/W2002416653","https://openalex.org/W2009150640","https://openalex.org/W2018014741","https://openalex.org/W2028695285","https://openalex.org/W2037705937","https://openalex.org/W2047827879","https://openalex.org/W2048451896","https://openalex.org/W2049607688","https://openalex.org/W2067373370","https://openalex.org/W2069668029","https://openalex.org/W2086605603","https://openalex.org/W2090981370","https://openalex.org/W2091202730","https://openalex.org/W2097662241","https://openalex.org/W2100508712","https://openalex.org/W2108859156","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2116039228","https://openalex.org/W2124142520","https://openalex.org/W2124637492","https://openalex.org/W2141113219","https://openalex.org/W2144885342","https://openalex.org/W2145147464","https://openalex.org/W2148606196","https://openalex.org/W2149668059","https://openalex.org/W2152094098","https://openalex.org/W2152284345","https://openalex.org/W2154897810","https://openalex.org/W2155461593","https://openalex.org/W2161719194","https://openalex.org/W2166293769","https://openalex.org/W2167680767","https://openalex.org/W2169015768","https://openalex.org/W2170766502","https://openalex.org/W2171707538","https://openalex.org/W2235644762","https://openalex.org/W2265341574","https://openalex.org/W2295122634","https://openalex.org/W2323873606","https://openalex.org/W2604942799","https://openalex.org/W2797105966","https://openalex.org/W2800121044","https://openalex.org/W2801800683","https://openalex.org/W2944542001","https://openalex.org/W2952865901","https://openalex.org/W3015687804","https://openalex.org/W3142588439","https://openalex.org/W4231868959","https://openalex.org/W4232896595","https://openalex.org/W4238452917","https://openalex.org/W4239567262","https://openalex.org/W4254518176","https://openalex.org/W4291733759","https://openalex.org/W4298348354","https://openalex.org/W6635905202","https://openalex.org/W6682088147","https://openalex.org/W6682297424","https://openalex.org/W6736262870","https://openalex.org/W6775882085"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2782859253","https://openalex.org/W2034220069","https://openalex.org/W2006852656","https://openalex.org/W2045864404","https://openalex.org/W11097679","https://openalex.org/W2129331923","https://openalex.org/W252900523","https://openalex.org/W2948079051","https://openalex.org/W2133614729","https://openalex.org/W2980465164"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"real-world":[1,97],"networks":[2,186,219],"consisting":[3],"of":[4,28,108,122,174,205],"nodes":[5],"representing":[6],"(in)tangible":[7],"asymmetric":[8,120],"information":[9],"or":[10,30,90],"energy":[11],"flows":[12],"must":[13,71],"be":[14,72],"modeled":[15],"as":[16],"directed":[17,44,109,185,245],"graphs":[18],"(digraphs).":[19],"Several":[20],"methods":[21,53],"for":[22,36,43],"classifying":[23],"non-directional":[24,38],"edges":[25],"in":[26,96,101,244],"terms":[27],"strong":[29],"weak":[31,70],"ties":[32],"have":[33,75],"been":[34],"developed":[35],"well-known":[37],"networks,":[39,99],"but":[40],"none":[41],"specifically":[42],"networks.":[45,110,228,247],"In":[46,111],"almost":[47],"all":[48],"cases,":[49],"definitions":[50,121,145],"and":[51,60,81,137,156,159,179,208,223,242],"identification":[52],"are":[54],"simple,":[55],"incomplete,":[56],"reliant":[57],"on":[58,62],"intuition,":[59],"based":[61],"the":[63,91,189,195,214],"assumption":[64],"that":[65,67,85,118,232],"anything":[66],"is":[68],"not":[69],"strong.":[73],"Researchers":[74],"generally":[76],"failed":[77],"to":[78,104,146,160,188,238],"consider":[79],"overlapping":[80,136],"hierarchical":[82,138,163],"community":[83,140],"properties":[84],"accurately":[86],"reflect":[87],"organizational":[88],"structures":[89,243],"functional":[92],"components":[93],"commonly":[94],"found":[95],"complex":[98,246],"resulting":[100],"multiple":[102,210],"challenges":[103],"analyzing":[105],"many":[106],"types":[107],"this":[112],"paper":[113],"we":[114,142,198],"describe":[115],"a":[116,162,172,203,235],"method":[117],"considers":[119],"arc":[123,164,206,240],"strength,":[124],"especially":[125],"when":[126],"arcs":[127,158],"hold":[128],"important":[129],"directional":[130],"significance.":[131],"To":[132,193],"more":[133],"fully":[134],"capture":[135],"network":[139,190],"structures,":[141],"used":[143],"hierarchy-based":[144],"identify":[147],"bond":[148],"arcs,":[149],"$k$":[150],"th-layer":[151],"local":[152],"bridges,":[153,155],"global":[154],"silk":[157],"create":[161],"type":[165],"analysis":[166],"(HATA)":[167],"algorithm.":[168],"The":[169],"algorithm":[170],"employs":[171],"mix":[173,204],"common":[175],"middle":[176],"node":[177],"measures":[178],"statistical":[180],"parameters":[181],"generated":[182],"by":[183],"randomized":[184],"corresponding":[187],"being":[191],"investigated.":[192],"test":[194],"HATA":[196,233],"algorithm,":[197],"conducted":[199],"four":[200],"experiments":[201],"involving":[202],"rewiring":[207],"additions,":[209],"datasets":[211],"associated":[212],"with":[213],"Travian":[215],"game,":[216],"56":[217],"empirical":[218],"from":[220],"previous":[221],"studies,":[222],"3":[224],"bird":[225],"song":[226],"transition":[227],"Our":[229],"results":[230],"indicate":[231],"offers":[234],"novel":[236],"perspective":[237],"understanding":[239],"strengths":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
