{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953303875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2983149","title":"A Survey of Autonomous Driving: <i>Common Practices and Emerging Technologies</i>","display_name":"A Survey of Autonomous Driving: <i>Common Practices and Emerging Technologies</i>","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953303875","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2983149","mag":"2953303875"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2983149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2983149","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09046805.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09046805.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031280652","display_name":"Ekim Yurtsever","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3103-6052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ekim Yurtsever","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3103-6052","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068186077","display_name":"Jacob Lambert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0392-9635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacob Lambert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037312161","display_name":"Alexander Carballo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5941-2195"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Carballo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042118446","display_name":"Kazuya Takeda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0330-1787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60134161","display_name":"Nagoya University","ror":"https://ror.org/04chrp450","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuya Takeda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","Tier IV Inc., Nagoya, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tier IV Inc., Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031280652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60134161"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":85.3834,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1712,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":1.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"58443","last_page":"58469"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7012453675270081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6491371393203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.4718216359615326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies","display_name":"Emerging technologies","score":0.4498462378978729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.39216768741607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3689155578613281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.33382636308670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25293833017349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.237106055021286}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7012453675270081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6491371393203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4718216359615326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.4498462378978729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.39216768741607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3689155578613281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.33382636308670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25293833017349243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.237106055021286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2983149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2983149","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09046805.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1906.05113","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1906.05113","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1906.05113","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:70a07884be18448d989ba0a07cf3500c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/70a07884be18448d989ba0a07cf3500c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 58443-58469 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2983149","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2983149","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09046805.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.5400000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953303875.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2953303875.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":356,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W77912868","https://openalex.org/W102190310","https://openalex.org/W116751493","https://openalex.org/W179122090","https://openalex.org/W597712775","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1198252587","https://openalex.org/W1224712840","https://openalex.org/W1479814506","https://openalex.org/W1498813999","https://openalex.org/W1537966372","https://openalex.org/W1544016679","https://openalex.org/W1553616171","https://openalex.org/W1556546299","https://openalex.org/W1557364455","https://openalex.org/W1558182996","https://openalex.org/W1562320275","https://openalex.org/W1576357919","https://openalex.org/W1579508770","https://openalex.org/W1583936024","https://openalex.org/W1585377561","https://openalex.org/W1633338931","https://openalex.org/W1650975994","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1698746845","https://openalex.org/W1745334888","https://openalex.org/W1856128652","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1898022672","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W1910014366","https://openalex.org/W1931305913","https://openalex.org/W1941866442","https://openalex.org/W1945120929","https://openalex.org/W1964023669","https://openalex.org/W1967007359","https://openalex.org/W1969483458","https://openalex.org/W1969732712","https://openalex.org/W1971086298","https://openalex.org/W1972441921","https://openalex.org/W1978301848","https://openalex.org/W1978452519","https://openalex.org/W1989310712","https://openalex.org/W1994114209","https://openalex.org/W1994924587","https://openalex.org/W1995598353","https://openalex.org/W1996183429","https://openalex.org/W1996335363","https://openalex.org/W2000359213","https://openalex.org/W2009345891","https://openalex.org/W2010725166","https://openalex.org/W2011390362","https://openalex.org/W2012561930","https://openalex.org/W2012849708","https://openalex.org/W2016574277","https://openalex.org/W2017372880","https://openalex.org/W2018690964","https://openalex.org/W2020062325","https://openalex.org/W2020599684","https://openalex.org/W2021063678","https://openalex.org/W2024529169","https://openalex.org/W2029809489","https://openalex.org/W2030507413","https://openalex.org/W2032924574","https://openalex.org/W2033000795","https://openalex.org/W2034411841","https://openalex.org/W2038794597","https://openalex.org/W2040514407","https://openalex.org/W2041078286","https://openalex.org/W2041600899","https://openalex.org/W2041657709","https://openalex.org/W2043128936","https://openalex.org/W2043319097","https://openalex.org/W2044164936","https://openalex.org/W2049182791","https://openalex.org/W2049891906","https://openalex.org/W2052742500","https://openalex.org/W2054969198","https://openalex.org/W2055201760","https://openalex.org/W2056163839","https://openalex.org/W2057520584","https://openalex.org/W2057587543","https://openalex.org/W2057852368","https://openalex.org/W2060083752","https://openalex.org/W2067381981","https://openalex.org/W2067556683","https://openalex.org/W2068450936","https://openalex.org/W2071626497","https://openalex.org/W2071974437","https://openalex.org/W2074437835","https://openalex.org/W2074658631","https://openalex.org/W2085567176","https://openalex.org/W2085865324","https://openalex.org/W2086984184","https://openalex.org/W2091505087","https://openalex.org/W2092532377","https://openalex.org/W2094263170","https://openalex.org/W2096143401","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2097545165","https://openalex.org/W2098100495","https://openalex.org/W2098476269","https://openalex.org/W2098519927","https://openalex.org/W2100193157","https://openalex.org/W2102104695","https://openalex.org/W2104317982","https://openalex.org/W2105100091","https://openalex.org/W2106976646","https://openalex.org/W2107105977","https://openalex.org/W2107656445","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2109797278","https://openalex.org/W2114672635","https://openalex.org/W2116165149","https://openalex.org/W2119112357","https://openalex.org/W2121645097","https://openalex.org/W2121806728","https://openalex.org/W2124651605","https://openalex.org/W2126288068","https://openalex.org/W2127578024","https://openalex.org/W2128990851","https://openalex.org/W2129577383","https://openalex.org/W2130103520","https://openalex.org/W2131076267","https://openalex.org/W2132107948","https://openalex.org/W2133233905","https://openalex.org/W2135852591","https://openalex.org/W2135875165","https://openalex.org/W2137693329","https://openalex.org/W2138539775","https://openalex.org/W2139137304","https://openalex.org/W2139203131","https://openalex.org/W2143083884","https://openalex.org/W2143425822","https://openalex.org/W2145178709","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2148361676","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2150418461","https://openalex.org/W2152571752","https://openalex.org/W2157076480","https://openalex.org/W2158211626","https://openalex.org/W2159132531","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164595491","https://openalex.org/W2167090521","https://openalex.org/W2167224731","https://openalex.org/W2167340365","https://openalex.org/W2170003873","https://openalex.org/W2170340022","https://openalex.org/W2171658832","https://openalex.org/W2173891962","https://openalex.org/W2184393491","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2206222117","https://openalex.org/W2212765426","https://openalex.org/W2225677022","https://openalex.org/W2270147915","https://openalex.org/W2274287116","https://openalex.org/W2283882366","https://openalex.org/W2293349265","https://openalex.org/W2295615964","https://openalex.org/W2301212998","https://openalex.org/W2306644740","https://openalex.org/W2308454760","https://openalex.org/W2340480757","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2342840547","https://openalex.org/W2343381408","https://openalex.org/W2343568200","https://openalex.org/W2372521460","https://openalex.org/W2406067508","https://openalex.org/W2412342236","https://openalex.org/W2412782625","https://openalex.org/W2460379932","https://openalex.org/W2466381818","https://openalex.org/W2474392009","https://openalex.org/W2477231637","https://openalex.org/W2483814582","https://openalex.org/W2505763307","https://openalex.org/W2507595669","https://openalex.org/W2508125056","https://openalex.org/W2509187435","https://openalex.org/W2509318221","https://openalex.org/W2515303922","https://openalex.org/W2529882201","https://openalex.org/W2530340601","https://openalex.org/W2543063933","https://openalex.org/W2552088091","https://openalex.org/W2555618208","https://openalex.org/W2558027072","https://openalex.org/W2559545830","https://openalex.org/W2559767995","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2563680570","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2583993537","https://openalex.org/W2586457790","https://openalex.org/W2605592331","https://openalex.org/W2607399418","https://openalex.org/W2608210020","https://openalex.org/W2609292110","https://openalex.org/W2727840223","https://openalex.org/W2735189551","https://openalex.org/W2740379828","https://openalex.org/W2740508249","https://openalex.org/W2742107142","https://openalex.org/W2745090846","https://openalex.org/W2745467776","https://openalex.org/W2747333411","https://openalex.org/W2750632489","https://openalex.org/W2758107681","https://openalex.org/W2765774826","https://openalex.org/W2766066112","https://openalex.org/W2767263766","https://openalex.org/W2770383210","https://openalex.org/W2774839435","https://openalex.org/W2781228439","https://openalex.org/W2783963507","https://openalex.org/W2789621390","https://openalex.org/W2791639158","https://openalex.org/W2791763440","https://openalex.org/W2792692674","https://openalex.org/W2792919579","https://openalex.org/W2794258351","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2796402180","https://openalex.org/W2798873012","https://openalex.org/W2798965597","https://openalex.org/W2799352588","https://openalex.org/W2799403119","https://openalex.org/W2806943411","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2884634491","https://openalex.org/W2885285090","https://openalex.org/W2886776651","https://openalex.org/W2887286974","https://openalex.org/W2889923199","https://openalex.org/W2890715498","https://openalex.org/W2892614179","https://openalex.org/W2894788161","https://openalex.org/W2897529137","https://openalex.org/W2901419596","https://openalex.org/W2904099029","https://openalex.org/W2904140919","https://openalex.org/W2904274854","https://openalex.org/W2904485400","https://openalex.org/W2904878709","https://openalex.org/W2908584258","https://openalex.org/W2949708697","https://openalex.org/W2962867954","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963083779","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963167203","https://openalex.org/W2963327228","https://openalex.org/W2963424321","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963625099","https://openalex.org/W2963727135","https://openalex.org/W2963896595","https://openalex.org/W2964047820","https://openalex.org/W2964062501","https://openalex.org/W2964253307","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2967740791","https://openalex.org/W2968296999","https://openalex.org/W2968983352","https://openalex.org/W2980467688","https://openalex.org/W2988916019","https://openalex.org/W2990460756","https://openalex.org/W2997254804","https://openalex.org/W2998633559","https://openalex.org/W3006961192","https://openalex.org/W3008115128","https://openalex.org/W3013983152","https://openalex.org/W3035574168","https://openalex.org/W3040318838","https://openalex.org/W3047375952","https://openalex.org/W3100944043","https://openalex.org/W3102141113","https://openalex.org/W3102178346","https://openalex.org/W3105865647","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W3145547920","https://openalex.org/W3153180538","https://openalex.org/W4226051885","https://openalex.org/W4241644338","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4295719664","https://openalex.org/W4297666078","https://openalex.org/W4297917710","https://openalex.org/W4300124531","https://openalex.org/W4300167295","https://openalex.org/W4300995080","https://openalex.org/W6603126656","https://openalex.org/W6604820715","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6627863317","https://openalex.org/W6629629270","https://openalex.org/W6633161890","https://openalex.org/W6635292102","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6639102338","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6679388247","https://openalex.org/W6679847170","https://openalex.org/W6680241297","https://openalex.org/W6683067110","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6684338915","https://openalex.org/W6684945483","https://openalex.org/W6686211706","https://openalex.org/W6687993641","https://openalex.org/W6694260854","https://openalex.org/W6697005757","https://openalex.org/W6698508847","https://openalex.org/W6703518758","https://openalex.org/W6704559304","https://openalex.org/W6708669022","https://openalex.org/W6715287400","https://openalex.org/W6719708545","https://openalex.org/W6722063826","https://openalex.org/W6725739302","https://openalex.org/W6730342312","https://openalex.org/W6737309142","https://openalex.org/W6743448849","https://openalex.org/W6745178058","https://openalex.org/W6745673378","https://openalex.org/W6745896446","https://openalex.org/W6745935785","https://openalex.org/W6746383652","https://openalex.org/W6748481559","https://openalex.org/W6749671473","https://openalex.org/W6750227808","https://openalex.org/W6750749703","https://openalex.org/W6752818208","https://openalex.org/W6753448899","https://openalex.org/W6753596642","https://openalex.org/W6754031341","https://openalex.org/W6754632766","https://openalex.org/W6754969897","https://openalex.org/W6755295315","https://openalex.org/W6756381484","https://openalex.org/W6756751353","https://openalex.org/W6756795685","https://openalex.org/W6757384202","https://openalex.org/W6758283773","https://openalex.org/W6760782946","https://openalex.org/W6772100254","https://openalex.org/W6773814321","https://openalex.org/W6775299407","https://openalex.org/W6785652829","https://openalex.org/W6810879400"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2770593030","https://openalex.org/W3154990682","https://openalex.org/W2560201613","https://openalex.org/W2171975302","https://openalex.org/W2022352247","https://openalex.org/W2377538627","https://openalex.org/W2107220315","https://openalex.org/W1589637664","https://openalex.org/W4281727072","https://openalex.org/W2628861693"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automated":[0],"driving":[1,10,91],"systems":[2],"(ADSs)":[3],"promise":[4],"a":[5,89],"safe,":[6],"comfortable":[7],"and":[8,44,61,69,82,102],"efficient":[9],"experience.":[11],"However,":[12],"fatalities":[13],"involving":[14],"vehicles":[15],"equipped":[16],"with":[17,96],"ADSs":[18,27],"are":[19],"on":[20,84],"the":[21,32,46],"rise.":[22],"The":[23,93],"full":[24],"potential":[25],"of":[26,34,49,99],"cannot":[28],"be":[29],"realized":[30],"unless":[31],"robustness":[33],"state-of-the-art":[35,78],"is":[36],"improved":[37],"further.":[38],"This":[39],"paper":[40,94],"discusses":[41],"unsolved":[42],"problems":[43],"surveys":[45],"technical":[47],"aspect":[48],"automated":[50],"driving.":[51],"Studies":[52],"regarding":[53],"present":[54],"challenges,":[55],"high-level":[56],"system":[57],"architectures,":[58],"emerging":[59],"methodologies":[60],"core":[62],"functions":[63],"including":[64],"localization,":[65],"mapping,":[66],"perception,":[67],"planning,":[68],"human":[70],"machine":[71],"interfaces,":[72],"were":[73,80],"thoroughly":[74],"reviewed.":[75],"Furthermore,":[76],"many":[77],"algorithms":[79],"implemented":[81],"compared":[83],"our":[85],"own":[86],"platform":[87],"in":[88],"real-world":[90],"setting.":[92],"concludes":[95],"an":[97],"overview":[98],"available":[100],"datasets":[101],"tools":[103],"for":[104],"ADS":[105],"development.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":96},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":414},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":363},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":290},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":226},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":228},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":93},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T09:04:59.091469","created_date":"2019-06-27T00:00:00"}