{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013894142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982542","title":"xDBAuth: Blockchain Based Cross Domain Authentication and Authorization Framework for Internet of Things","display_name":"xDBAuth: Blockchain Based Cross Domain Authentication and Authorization Framework for Internet of Things","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013894142","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982542","mag":"3013894142"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2982542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982542","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09044312.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09044312.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108115089","display_name":"Gauhar Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36001604","display_name":"University of Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02t2qwf81","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gauhar Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101504317","display_name":"Naveed Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2941-9780"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36001604","display_name":"University of Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02t2qwf81","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naveed Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2941-9780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006794082","display_name":"Yue Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2098-7637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2098-7637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101831672","display_name":"Shahzad Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6709-1558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36001604","display_name":"University of Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02t2qwf81","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahzad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6709-1558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027320121","display_name":"Haitham Cruickshank","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitham Cruickshank","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7314-760X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communication Systems, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078663724","display_name":"Qazi Ejaz Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-0540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36001604","display_name":"University of Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/02t2qwf81","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ejaz Ali Qazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-0540","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36001604"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108092554","display_name":"Azaz Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16351329","display_name":"China West Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s99y476","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azaz Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-7347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16351329"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":18.6584,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":105,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99247535,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"58800","last_page":"58816"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7870104312896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permission","display_name":"Permission","score":0.7150349617004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6836631298065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/access-control","display_name":"Access control","score":0.6340323090553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delegation","display_name":"Delegation","score":0.6339415311813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5623881816864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.4304543137550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4046802222728729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.2281491458415985}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7870104312896729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779089604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169333","display_name":"Permission","level":2,"score":0.7150349617004395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6836631298065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.6340323090553284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86532276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184065","display_name":"Delegation","level":2,"score":0.6339415311813354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5623881816864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.4304543137550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4046802222728729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.2281491458415985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2982542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982542","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09044312.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ae2aba77617e4155b77b64d38e701a74","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ae2aba77617e4155b77b64d38e701a74","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 58800-58816 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2982542","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982542","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09044312.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3013894142.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3013894142.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W102849116","https://openalex.org/W1991664294","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2137011754","https://openalex.org/W2143926509","https://openalex.org/W2330649411","https://openalex.org/W2335755599","https://openalex.org/W2401704289","https://openalex.org/W2465113299","https://openalex.org/W2583580882","https://openalex.org/W2588585573","https://openalex.org/W2611626082","https://openalex.org/W2620085947","https://openalex.org/W2624307925","https://openalex.org/W2762355049","https://openalex.org/W2777564027","https://openalex.org/W2793346081","https://openalex.org/W2886567055","https://openalex.org/W2901926589","https://openalex.org/W2947837428","https://openalex.org/W2963504866","https://openalex.org/W2964302640","https://openalex.org/W3102661748","https://openalex.org/W4220942018","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4300127641","https://openalex.org/W4302290326","https://openalex.org/W6604123934","https://openalex.org/W6713071723","https://openalex.org/W6725760337","https://openalex.org/W6733174051"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2374086689","https://openalex.org/W3176279093","https://openalex.org/W2373945265","https://openalex.org/W2362476748","https://openalex.org/W2374393728","https://openalex.org/W2392916544","https://openalex.org/W2124367090","https://openalex.org/W1992436224","https://openalex.org/W2386396757","https://openalex.org/W2591360249"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,17,210],"innovation":[1],"of":[2,13,23,98,118,126,197,236],"ubiquitous":[3],"and":[4,29,50,59,111,128,136,142,175],"pervasive":[5],"computing":[6],"helps":[7],"service-oriented":[8],"organizations":[9],"in":[10,161,229],"the":[11,65,92,96,99,116,147,190,195,205,214],"realization":[12],"a":[14,21,71,104,124,218,233],"virtual":[15,18,43],"coalition.":[16],"coalition":[19],"is":[20,171,217],"set":[22],"IoT":[24,164],"domains":[25],"i.e.,":[26],"smart":[27,30,130],"homes":[28],"hospitals":[31],"that":[32,132,213],"are":[33,62],"linked":[34],"together":[35],"through":[36],"communication":[37],"lines":[38],"to":[39,83,158,173],"share":[40],"resources.":[41],"Such":[42],"coalitions":[44],"need":[45],"secure":[46],"cross-domain":[47],"permission":[48,57,109,134],"delegation":[49,58,110,135,198],"access":[51,60,112,137],"control":[52,61,113,138],"mechanisms.":[53],"In":[54],"existing":[55],"approaches,":[56],"performed":[63],"at":[64],"resource":[66],"owner":[67],"domain":[68],"or":[69,85,95],"by":[70,155],"single":[72,77],"trusted":[73,78],"third":[74,79],"party.":[75],"This":[76],"party":[80],"may":[81],"fail":[82],"work":[84],"compromise.":[86],"Therefore,":[87],"it":[88],"will":[89],"collapse":[90],"either":[91],"whole":[93],"system":[94],"security":[97],"system.":[100],"We":[101,203],"propose":[102],"xDBAuth,":[103],"decentralized":[105],"Blockchain":[106],"(BC)":[107],"based":[108,193],"framework":[114,149,207,220],"for":[115,139],"Internet":[117],"Things":[119],"(IoT).":[120],"Also,":[121],"we":[122],"proposed":[123,148,206,215],"hierarchy":[125],"local":[127,183],"global":[129],"contracts":[131],"perform":[133],"both":[140],"internal":[141],"external":[143,152],"user/IoT":[144,177,191],"devices.":[145],"Additionally,":[146],"preserves":[150],"an":[151,230],"user\u2019s":[153],"privacy":[154],"allowing":[156],"them":[157],"get":[159],"authentication":[160],"their":[162],"parent":[163],"domains.":[165],"During":[166],"authentication,":[167,187],"Proof-of-Authenticity/Integrity":[168],"(PoAI)":[169],"mechanism":[170],"used":[172],"find":[174],"retrieve":[176],"device":[178,192],"platform":[179],"hashes":[180],"stored":[181,200],"on":[182,194,201],"BC.":[184,202],"After":[185],"successful":[186],"BC":[188],"authorizes":[189],"validation":[196],"policies":[199],"implemented":[204],"using":[208],"Node.js.":[209],"results":[211],"show":[212],"xDBAuth":[216,225],"lightweight":[219],"with":[221],"less":[222],"computational":[223],"overhead.":[224],"produces":[226],"high":[227],"throughput":[228],"environment":[231],"having":[232],"large":[234],"number":[235],"concurrent":[237],"requests.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
