{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010818294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982182","title":"Detection of Surface Breaking Cracks Filled With Solid Impurities Using a Baseline-Free NEWS-TR Method","display_name":"Detection of Surface Breaking Cracks Filled With Solid Impurities Using a Baseline-Free NEWS-TR Method","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010818294","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982182","mag":"3010818294"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2982182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982182","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09043572.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09043572.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030510421","display_name":"Xiaoshu Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0134-0330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoshu Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084676199","display_name":"Siqi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5541-6917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siqi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011517533","display_name":"Changhang Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6489-2704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017934461","display_name":"Jing Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3572-8611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101407564","display_name":"Guoming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2339-7368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2339-7368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045166512","display_name":"Gangbing Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5135-5555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gangbing Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030510421"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6056,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60352749,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"56908","last_page":"56920"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6561065316200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6257680058479309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impurity","display_name":"Impurity","score":0.6220685839653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultrasonic-sensor","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","score":0.5883378982543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5750761032104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.5637415647506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.4605262875556946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-acoustics","display_name":"Nonlinear acoustics","score":0.41221195459365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.34594184160232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15945857763290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.11547315120697021}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6561065316200256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6257680058479309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71987851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7216430","display_name":"Impurity","level":2,"score":0.6220685839653015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.5883378982543945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5750761032104492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.5637415647506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.4605262875556946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184112787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3604864","display_name":"Nonlinear acoustics","level":3,"score":0.41221195459365845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.34594184160232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15945857763290405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11547315120697021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2982182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982182","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09043572.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a23bbaec3c1f4bb2a724879d92eb49f2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a23bbaec3c1f4bb2a724879d92eb49f2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 56908-56920 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2982182","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2982182","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09043572.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3010818294.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3010818294.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":85,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44223094","https://openalex.org/W91865031","https://openalex.org/W1967115876","https://openalex.org/W1967923714","https://openalex.org/W1969977071","https://openalex.org/W1971697888","https://openalex.org/W1975312736","https://openalex.org/W1976287084","https://openalex.org/W1978578003","https://openalex.org/W1982963432","https://openalex.org/W1988693192","https://openalex.org/W1991374390","https://openalex.org/W2011766325","https://openalex.org/W2016612492","https://openalex.org/W2018300686","https://openalex.org/W2019623541","https://openalex.org/W2027401225","https://openalex.org/W2029841024","https://openalex.org/W2032770826","https://openalex.org/W2034412365","https://openalex.org/W2039476533","https://openalex.org/W2044432440","https://openalex.org/W2048673217","https://openalex.org/W2049291997","https://openalex.org/W2051815273","https://openalex.org/W2054836079","https://openalex.org/W2055398693","https://openalex.org/W2056796205","https://openalex.org/W2057478479","https://openalex.org/W2057742164","https://openalex.org/W2060766919","https://openalex.org/W2064285658","https://openalex.org/W2066707790","https://openalex.org/W2073806294","https://openalex.org/W2077602644","https://openalex.org/W2078820246","https://openalex.org/W2079558277","https://openalex.org/W2080956691","https://openalex.org/W2084371178","https://openalex.org/W2090041911","https://openalex.org/W2094445195","https://openalex.org/W2095302401","https://openalex.org/W2101754425","https://openalex.org/W2110175138","https://openalex.org/W2117389860","https://openalex.org/W2124598032","https://openalex.org/W2128671534","https://openalex.org/W2133570862","https://openalex.org/W2168234772","https://openalex.org/W2168481591","https://openalex.org/W2185981457","https://openalex.org/W2207221824","https://openalex.org/W2275721674","https://openalex.org/W2414718241","https://openalex.org/W2516097387","https://openalex.org/W2534375769","https://openalex.org/W2534940181","https://openalex.org/W2545879400","https://openalex.org/W2547430914","https://openalex.org/W2555066392","https://openalex.org/W2564133672","https://openalex.org/W2566899251","https://openalex.org/W2739065604","https://openalex.org/W2770383152","https://openalex.org/W2775351570","https://openalex.org/W2776140824","https://openalex.org/W2784073554","https://openalex.org/W2791149978","https://openalex.org/W2799586771","https://openalex.org/W2800436613","https://openalex.org/W2883609031","https://openalex.org/W2888950854","https://openalex.org/W2895599180","https://openalex.org/W2897029141","https://openalex.org/W2901141405","https://openalex.org/W2914668519","https://openalex.org/W2944739171","https://openalex.org/W4236543092","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299611520","https://openalex.org/W6646125191","https://openalex.org/W6663754760","https://openalex.org/W6686861983","https://openalex.org/W6746527193","https://openalex.org/W6755992782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370849218","https://openalex.org/W2618703391","https://openalex.org/W2083585972","https://openalex.org/W2382449171","https://openalex.org/W2062485242","https://openalex.org/W2054480599","https://openalex.org/W2463215714","https://openalex.org/W2070528179","https://openalex.org/W2316270394","https://openalex.org/W3033693472"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,51,177,258],"use":[1],"of":[2,57,66,86,124,179,202,231],"piezoceramic":[3],"transducers":[4],"for":[5,73,254],"cracks":[6,25,35,76,95,109,269],"identification":[7],"via":[8],"guided":[9,60],"wave":[10,61,118],"has":[11],"attracted":[12],"significant":[13],"attention":[14],"recently.":[15],"Most":[16],"studies":[17],"assume":[18],"that":[19,33,197,224],"the":[20,48,55,58,83,115,146,151,158,167,180,200,205,218,226,229,232,237,242],"medium":[21],"in":[22,217],"surface":[23,74,93,107,192,267],"breaking":[24,75,94,108,193,268],"is":[26,31,65,103,183],"only":[27],"air.":[28],"However,":[29],"it":[30,64],"common":[32],"such":[34,163,174,256],"are":[36],"filled":[37,77,96,110,270],"with":[38,78,97,111,150,191,208,271],"impurities":[39,52,113,273],"(e.g.":[40],"dust,":[41],"grease)":[42],"due":[43,198],"to":[44,47,69,105,156,162,172,199,214,241,265],"its":[45],"exposure":[46],"operational":[49],"environment.":[50],"may":[53],"affect":[54],"propagation":[56],"ultrasonic":[59,210],"and":[62,165,185],"hence":[63],"practical":[67],"interest":[68],"develop":[70],"detection":[71],"methods":[72],"impurities.":[79,99],"This":[80,127],"work":[81],"investigates":[82],"possible":[84],"effect":[85],"contact":[87],"acoustic":[88],"nonlinearity":[89],"(CAN)":[90],"on":[91],"detecting":[92,255],"solid":[98,112,203,272],"A":[100],"baseline-free":[101],"method":[102,128,182,260],"proposed":[104,181,259],"detect":[106],"using":[114,188],"nonlinear":[116,152,159,175,215,252],"elastic":[117],"spectroscopy":[119],"(NEWS)":[120],"as":[121,141,249],"a":[122,250,262],"pre-treatment":[123],"time-reversal":[125,227],"(TR).":[126],"involves":[129],"three":[130],"key":[131],"issues:":[132],"selecting":[133],"low-frequency":[134,209],"swept":[135],"signal":[136],"modulated":[137],"by":[138],"Hanning":[139],"window":[140],"an":[142],"excitation":[143],"signal,":[144],"comparing":[145],"initial":[147],"filtered":[148],"response":[149,155,219],"time":[153],"reversal":[154],"determine":[157],"feature":[160,253],"related":[161],"cracks,":[164],"determining":[166],"recommended":[168],"low":[169],"cut-off":[170],"frequency":[171,235],"extract":[173],"feature.":[176],"feasibility":[178],"experimentally":[184],"numerically":[186],"verified":[187],"aluminum":[189],"beams":[190],"cracks.":[194,257],"Results":[195],"show":[196],"existence":[201],"impurities,":[204],"crack":[206],"interacts":[207],"waves,":[211],"which":[212],"leads":[213],"components":[216],"signal.":[220,276],"It":[221],"also":[222],"indicates":[223],"after":[225],"processing,":[228],"shifting":[230],"maximum":[233],"peak":[234],"from":[236],"second":[238],"harmonic":[239,244],"range":[240,245],"third":[243],"can":[246],"be":[247],"used":[248],"damage-sensitive":[251],"provides":[261],"promising":[263],"way":[264],"identify":[266],"without":[274],"reference":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}