{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3012117815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981738","title":"A Multi-Scale Feature Selection Method for Steganalytic Feature GFR","display_name":"A Multi-Scale Feature Selection Method for Steganalytic Feature GFR","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3012117815","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981738","mag":"3012117815"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2981738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981738","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09040614.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09040614.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030519853","display_name":"Xinquan Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-1050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75955062","display_name":"Henan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s13br28","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75955062"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinquan Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Software, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Software, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75955062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101874081","display_name":"Yuanyuan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9318-8724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165883","display_name":"Xinxiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qvskn85","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165883"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75955062","display_name":"Henan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s13br28","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75955062"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data Engineering Laboratory for Teaching Resources and Assessment of Education Quality, Xinxiang, China","College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9318-8724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data Engineering Laboratory for Teaching Resources and Assessment of Education Quality, Xinxiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165883"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75955062"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052570852","display_name":"Ruixia Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8610-2013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80626142","display_name":"Henan Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/038hzq450","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80626142"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruixia Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["SanQuan Medical College, Xinxiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SanQuan Medical College, Xinxiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80626142"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073549058","display_name":"Lige Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75955062","display_name":"Henan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s13br28","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75955062"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lige Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75955062"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078273759","display_name":"Xintao Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8757-2447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165883","display_name":"Xinxiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qvskn85","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165883"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75955062","display_name":"Henan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s13br28","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75955062"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xintao Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data Engineering Laboratory for Teaching Resources and Assessment of Education Quality, Xinxiang, China","College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8757-2447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data Engineering Laboratory for Teaching Resources and Assessment of Education Quality, Xinxiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165883"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75955062"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4792,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64073031,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"55063","last_page":"55075"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganalysis","display_name":"Steganalysis","score":0.8244154453277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.744408369064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.7334553599357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.6868295073509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6854049563407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6796379685401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steganography","display_name":"Steganography","score":0.5626646876335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5420393347740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.46611979603767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","score":0.422545850276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3014809489250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.27644744515419006}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107368093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q448176","display_name":"Steganalysis","level":4,"score":0.8244154453277588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.744408369064331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7334553599357605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6868295073509216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6854049563407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6796379685401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108801101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15032","display_name":"Steganography","level":3,"score":0.5626646876335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5420393347740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.46611979603767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.422545850276947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3014809489250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.27644744515419006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2981738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981738","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09040614.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3aa5654140ba42db8d3b3c03ba21073b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3aa5654140ba42db8d3b3c03ba21073b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 55063-55075 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2981738","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981738","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09040614.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2351671952","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202102210165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3291271152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1804263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3697508340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016YFB0801303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4146060188","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016QY01W0105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4818035298","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2016QY01W0105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G546264426","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1636219","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8652799890","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u6709\u635f\u5904\u7406\u7684\u56fe\u50cf\u9c81\u68d2\u9690\u5199\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61872448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3012117815.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3012117815.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5731987","https://openalex.org/W1984267490","https://openalex.org/W2009130368","https://openalex.org/W2013058666","https://openalex.org/W2040299224","https://openalex.org/W2055625960","https://openalex.org/W2060174807","https://openalex.org/W2071451750","https://openalex.org/W2100836243","https://openalex.org/W2104076615","https://openalex.org/W2124664712","https://openalex.org/W2154026545","https://openalex.org/W2170311913","https://openalex.org/W2170598445","https://openalex.org/W2542290803","https://openalex.org/W2782961315","https://openalex.org/W2793291280","https://openalex.org/W2808701607","https://openalex.org/W2889115060","https://openalex.org/W2894598861","https://openalex.org/W3111139653","https://openalex.org/W6653496521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2148973528","https://openalex.org/W2939392096","https://openalex.org/W4243922849","https://openalex.org/W2106726851","https://openalex.org/W4309385482","https://openalex.org/W2792878404","https://openalex.org/W2068740952","https://openalex.org/W1583147569","https://openalex.org/W2182496537","https://openalex.org/W3154843532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,182],"Rich":[1],"Model":[2],"of":[3,47,81,93,108,122],"the":[4,10,36,41,44,54,74,79,91,101,106,120,129,134,141,146,165,169,172,175,179,186],"Gabor":[5],"filter":[6],"(referred":[7],"to":[8,28,52,77,86,104],"as":[9,145],"GFR":[11,48,157],"steganalytic":[12,49,68,95,160],"feature)":[13],"can":[14],"detect":[15],"JPEG-adaptive":[16],"steganography":[17],"objects.":[18],"However,":[19],"feature":[20,64,69,83,96,109,124,136,143,154],"dimensionality":[21,42],"that":[22,185],"is":[23,192],"too":[24,29],"high":[25],"will":[26,33],"lead":[27],"much":[30],"computation":[31],"and":[32,43,51,85,138,162,178,194],"correspondingly":[34],"reduce":[35,40],"detection":[37,57],"efficiency.":[38],"To":[39],"operating":[45],"time":[46],"features":[50],"improve":[53,100],"stego":[55,113],"image":[56],"accuracy,":[58],"this":[59,190],"paper":[60,191],"proposes":[61],"a":[62,88,117],"multi-scale":[63],"selection":[65,121,155],"method":[66,167,187],"for":[67,90,119,132,156],"GFR.":[70],"First,":[71],"we":[72,99,127,139,150,163],"use":[73],"SNR":[75],"criterion":[76],"measure":[78,105],"uselessness":[80],"each":[82],"component":[84],"provide":[87],"basis":[89,118],"removal":[92],"useless":[94,135],"components.":[97,125],"Second,":[98],"Relief":[102],"algorithm":[103],"importance":[107],"components":[110,144],"in":[111,189],"detecting":[112],"images,":[114],"which":[115],"provides":[116],"important":[123,142],"Then,":[126],"set":[128],"threshold":[130],"value":[131],"deleting":[133],"components,":[137],"select":[140],"final":[147],"feature.":[148],"Finally,":[149],"conduct":[151],"experiments":[152],"on":[153],"with":[158,168],"high-dimensional":[159],"features,":[161],"compared":[164],"proposed":[166,188],"Fisher-based":[170],"method,":[171,174,177],"PCA-based":[173],"SSFC":[176],"Steganalysis-\u03b1":[180],"method.":[181],"results":[183],"show":[184],"effective":[193],"fast.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}