{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011791178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981666","title":"Semantic Segmentation of Urban Scenes Using Spatial Contexts","display_name":"Semantic Segmentation of Urban Scenes Using Spatial Contexts","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011791178","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981666","mag":"3011791178"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2981666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981666","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09040269.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09040269.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063823674","display_name":"Jeonghyeon Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4053-2306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeonghyeon Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4053-2306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Robotics Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054727482","display_name":"Jinwhan Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-2449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinwhan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01714702,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"55254","last_page":"55268"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7532399892807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6826516389846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6048537492752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.6017062067985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.582905650138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5193758606910706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.4904334247112274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.49029114842414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4665125906467438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.4414961636066437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4319501519203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.41713815927505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographic-coordinate-system","display_name":"Geographic coordinate system","score":0.41448819637298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39395958185195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.33128178119659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.22124716639518738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.19687429070472717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.14464768767356873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13592806458473206}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7532399892807007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6826516389846802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6048537492752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.6017062067985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.582905650138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5193758606910706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.4904334247112274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.49029114842414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4665125906467438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.4414961636066437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4319501519203186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.41713815927505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123046963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22664","display_name":"Geographic coordinate system","level":2,"score":0.41448819637298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39395958185195923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.33128178119659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.22124716639518738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.19687429070472717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.14464768767356873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13592806458473206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2981666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981666","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09040269.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:61d4f262106f406489a6bd09013d1091","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/61d4f262106f406489a6bd09013d1091","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 55254-55268 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2981666","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981666","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09040269.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322011","display_name":"Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries","ror":"https://ror.org/00c5s4a53"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324161","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011791178.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011791178.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W125693051","https://openalex.org/W310586462","https://openalex.org/W1486646730","https://openalex.org/W1577931413","https://openalex.org/W1748750709","https://openalex.org/W1905829557","https://openalex.org/W1910657905","https://openalex.org/W1937812750","https://openalex.org/W1950112384","https://openalex.org/W2017313218","https://openalex.org/W2022153165","https://openalex.org/W2033979122","https://openalex.org/W2037333893","https://openalex.org/W2059602973","https://openalex.org/W2092025152","https://openalex.org/W2095593770","https://openalex.org/W2105842272","https://openalex.org/W2115579991","https://openalex.org/W2116877738","https://openalex.org/W2137097255","https://openalex.org/W2141364309","https://openalex.org/W2155871590","https://openalex.org/W2158823144","https://openalex.org/W2161236525","https://openalex.org/W2169551590","https://openalex.org/W2171943915","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2340897893","https://openalex.org/W2412526466","https://openalex.org/W2541676451","https://openalex.org/W2541789021","https://openalex.org/W2560023338","https://openalex.org/W2585293115","https://openalex.org/W2630837129","https://openalex.org/W2762439315","https://openalex.org/W2772573661","https://openalex.org/W2897064445","https://openalex.org/W2903642350","https://openalex.org/W2904466083","https://openalex.org/W2945528352","https://openalex.org/W2952793010","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2963418739","https://openalex.org/W2963727650","https://openalex.org/W2963840672","https://openalex.org/W2964217532","https://openalex.org/W2990375305","https://openalex.org/W4295719664","https://openalex.org/W6605121731","https://openalex.org/W6629070694","https://openalex.org/W6639780620","https://openalex.org/W6675783020","https://openalex.org/W6696085341","https://openalex.org/W6714772955","https://openalex.org/W6737324727","https://openalex.org/W6739696289","https://openalex.org/W6745935785","https://openalex.org/W6749046737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4319317934","https://openalex.org/W4406302447","https://openalex.org/W2901265155","https://openalex.org/W2956374172","https://openalex.org/W4319837668","https://openalex.org/W4308071650","https://openalex.org/W3188333020","https://openalex.org/W4281783339","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,47],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,32,42,53,145],"method":[4,25,152],"for":[5],"the":[6,13,29,80,90,97,101,118,124,128,156,164],"joint":[7],"inference":[8],"of":[9,16,34,103,144],"road":[10,82,93],"layouts":[11],"and":[12,56,127,132,163],"semantic":[14],"segmentation":[15,106],"urban":[17,39,159],"scenes":[18],"by":[19,88],"applying":[20],"spatial":[21],"contexts.":[22],"The":[23,150],"proposed":[24,151],"is":[26,153],"based":[27,95],"on":[28,79,96],"conjecture":[30],"that":[31],"set":[33],"relevant":[35],"elements":[36],"in":[37,111],"an":[38,62,104,112],"environment":[40],"contains":[41],"locational":[43],"relationship":[44,48],"among":[45],"them.":[46],"can":[49],"be":[50],"modeled":[51],"as":[52,74,141],"location":[54,130],"prior":[55,131],"label":[57,133],"co-occurrences":[58],"to":[59,73,138],"help":[60],"segment":[61,140],"image":[63,113],"accurately.":[64],"To":[65],"apply":[66],"these":[67],"environmental":[68],"characteristics,":[69],"special":[70],"coordinates":[71,76,85],"referred":[72],"road-normal":[75,125],"are":[77,86,121,136],"defined":[78],"inferred":[81],"layout.":[83],"These":[84],"determined":[87],"obtaining":[89],"most":[91],"befitting":[92],"layout":[94],"marginal":[98],"probability":[99],"from":[100,117],"result":[102],"existing":[105],"algorithm.":[107],"All":[108],"possible":[109],"segments":[110],"having":[114],"depth":[115],"information":[116],"lidar":[119],"sensor":[120],"projected":[122],"into":[123],"coordinates,":[126],"learned":[129],"co-occurrence":[134],"statistics":[135],"applied":[137],"each":[139],"additional":[142],"potentials":[143],"conditional":[146],"random":[147],"field":[148],"model.":[149],"evaluated":[154],"with":[155],"publicly":[157],"available":[158],"dataset":[160],"including":[161],"images":[162],"corresponding":[165],"point":[166],"clouds.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
