{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011120732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981505","title":"Deep Compressive Single Pixel Imaging by Reordering Hadamard Basis: A Comparative Study","display_name":"Deep Compressive Single Pixel Imaging by Reordering Hadamard Basis: A Comparative Study","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011120732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981505","mag":"3011120732"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2981505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981505","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09039636.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09039636.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100700343","display_name":"Xiao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8829-268X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8829-268X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100761647","display_name":"Fan Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4831-2241"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fan Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4831-2241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037863433","display_name":"Bing Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0093-7269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0093-7269","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment and System Security and New Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101625936","display_name":"Jia Ran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia Ran","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081501605","display_name":"Xin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6579-2542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8762,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83353584,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"55773","last_page":"55784"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11996","display_name":"Random lasers and scattering media","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3102","display_name":"Acoustics and Ultrasonics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11996","display_name":"Random lasers and scattering media","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3102","display_name":"Acoustics and Ultrasonics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hadamard-transform","display_name":"Hadamard transform","score":0.8668301105499268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.6182882785797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5965254306793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raster-graphics","display_name":"Raster graphics","score":0.5841312408447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compressed-sensing","display_name":"Compressed sensing","score":0.5370842814445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5244850516319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.4986274242401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.4748663902282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-reconstruction","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","score":0.46981340646743774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.46109071373939514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.44146019220352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.31869322061538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30979907512664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.14822298288345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1474599838256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.0850556492805481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60292330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1014065","display_name":"Hadamard transform","level":2,"score":0.8668301105499268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6182882785797119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5965254306793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181844469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182270","display_name":"Raster graphics","level":2,"score":0.5841312408447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124851039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665459","display_name":"Compressed sensing","level":2,"score":0.5370842814445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5244850516319275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.4986274242401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.4748663902282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141379421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6094427","display_name":"Iterative reconstruction","level":2,"score":0.46981340646743774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.46109071373939514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.44146019220352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.31869322061538696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30979907512664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14822298288345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1474599838256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0850556492805481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2981505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981505","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09039636.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:60b454abf30f455a98ce8fd95d45b7d1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/60b454abf30f455a98ce8fd95d45b7d1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 55773-55784 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2981505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981505","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09039636.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G489632505","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJQN201900602","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5644224408","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51777023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/031nm5713"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330084","display_name":"Research and Innovation Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011120732.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011120732.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W215794665","https://openalex.org/W1998688147","https://openalex.org/W2031191822","https://openalex.org/W2035682670","https://openalex.org/W2047915170","https://openalex.org/W2059479071","https://openalex.org/W2122548617","https://openalex.org/W2127271355","https://openalex.org/W2128804753","https://openalex.org/W2130120519","https://openalex.org/W2168537135","https://openalex.org/W2181228925","https://openalex.org/W2291054886","https://openalex.org/W2500374603","https://openalex.org/W2564877147","https://openalex.org/W2622842312","https://openalex.org/W2727514921","https://openalex.org/W2731105378","https://openalex.org/W2749607352","https://openalex.org/W2793783688","https://openalex.org/W2798433792","https://openalex.org/W2900649770","https://openalex.org/W2901589656","https://openalex.org/W2903588767","https://openalex.org/W2973597127","https://openalex.org/W3100630749","https://openalex.org/W3102611568","https://openalex.org/W3102868135","https://openalex.org/W4250955649","https://openalex.org/W6731139743","https://openalex.org/W6739034573","https://openalex.org/W6756108149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2896778670","https://openalex.org/W2757389719","https://openalex.org/W2951714568","https://openalex.org/W1963814553","https://openalex.org/W2037595954","https://openalex.org/W1988158806","https://openalex.org/W2507293823","https://openalex.org/W2386146599","https://openalex.org/W2018015402","https://openalex.org/W2144778520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Single":[0],"pixel":[1,55],"imaging":[2,15,25,56,160],"(SPI)":[3],"combined":[4],"with":[5,148],"compressed":[6],"sensing":[7],"techniques":[8],"can":[9,129,199],"provide":[10],"solutions":[11],"for":[12,31],"special":[13],"optical":[14],"to":[16,38,92,118,241],"avoid":[17],"array":[18],"detectors":[19],"and":[20,34,43,52,64,85,90,109,170,177,193,204,219],"raster":[21],"scanning.":[22],"However,":[23],"the":[24,35,40,79,82,120,143,149,164,182,216,224,233,237],"speed":[26],"should":[27],"be":[28,200],"further":[29],"improved":[30],"real-time":[32,238],"SPI":[33,230,239],"challenge":[36],"is":[37],"reduce":[39],"sampling":[41,144],"time":[42],"post-processing":[44],"time.":[45],"This":[46],"paper":[47],"proposes":[48],"a":[49,131,211],"deep":[50],"compressive":[51],"super-fast":[53],"single":[54],"protocol":[57,128,227],"based":[58],"on":[59],"reordering":[60,173],"Hadamard":[61,73,97,196],"basis":[62,74,98,197],"patterns":[63,75,198],"Fourier":[65],"domain":[66],"regularization":[67],"inversion":[68],"(FDRI)":[69],"algorithm.":[70],"Two":[71],"reordered":[72,100,188],"in":[76,81,106,115,156,210,215,228,232],"terms":[77],"of":[78,146,153,172],"improvement":[80,213],"compressing":[83],"ratio":[84,145,151,218],"reconstruction":[86,221],"quality":[87],"are":[88,99,175],"proposed":[89,165],"compared":[91],"other":[93],"methods.":[94],"The":[95,167,190],"deterministic":[96],"through":[101],"their":[102],"total":[103,110],"variation":[104],"(TV)":[105],"ascending":[107,116],"order":[108,117,192,195],"wavelet":[111],"transformed":[112],"coefficients":[113],"(TW)":[114],"have":[119],"best":[121],"performance.":[122],"Numerical":[123],"simulation":[124],"shows":[125],"that":[126],"this":[127,226],"reconstruct":[130],"<inline-formula":[132],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[133],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[134],"<tex-math":[135],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$128\\times":[136],"128$":[137],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[138],"pixels":[139],"natural":[140],"image":[141,220],"at":[142],"5%":[147],"peak-signal-to-noise":[150],"(PSNR)":[152],"25.56":[154],"dB":[155],"0.00039s.":[157],"Terahertz":[158],"near-field":[159],"experiment":[161],"also":[162],"verifies":[163],"protocol.":[166],"inherent":[168],"advantage":[169],"mechanism":[171],"approaches":[174],"discussed":[176],"then":[178],"revealed":[179],"by":[180,186],"comparing":[181],"coherent":[183],"area":[184],"generated":[185],"these":[187],"patterns.":[189],"TV":[191],"TW":[194],"deterministically":[201],"described":[202],"mathematically":[203],"easily":[205],"constructed.":[206],"Meanwhile,":[207],"it":[208],"results":[209],"significant":[212],"both":[214],"compression":[217],"quality.":[222],"Finally,":[223],"realization":[225],"real":[229],"system":[231],"future":[234],"will":[235],"bring":[236],"closer":[240],"practical":[242],"applications.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}