{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011125019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981413","title":"HBLP: A Hybrid Underlay-Interweave Mode CRN for the Future 5G-Based Internet of Things","display_name":"HBLP: A Hybrid Underlay-Interweave Mode CRN for the Future 5G-Based Internet of Things","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011125019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981413","mag":"3011125019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2981413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981413","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09039624.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09039624.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000151549","display_name":"Abd Ullah Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-9931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5400463","display_name":"Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01sb6ek09","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abd Ullah Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications and Networking (TeleCoN) Research Laboratory, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8523-9931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications and Networking (TeleCoN) Research Laboratory, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092539426","display_name":"Ghulam Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8649-9169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5400463","display_name":"Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01sb6ek09","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghulam Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8649-9169","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ziaul Haq Abbas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9282-8451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5400463","display_name":"Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01sb6ek09","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziaul Haq Abbas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9282-8451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040138369","display_name":"Muhammad Tanveer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9836-9970"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5400463","display_name":"Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01sb6ek09","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Tanveer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications and Networking (TeleCoN) Research Laboratory, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9836-9970","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications and Networking (TeleCoN) Research Laboratory, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015387253","display_name":"Sami Ullah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5339-8943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5400463","display_name":"Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01sb6ek09","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sami Ullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunications and Networking (TeleCoN) Research Laboratory, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5339-8943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications and Networking (TeleCoN) Research Laboratory, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alamgir Naushad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0528-129X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5400463","display_name":"Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01sb6ek09","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alamgir Naushad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","Telecommunications and Networking (TeleCoN) Research Laboratory, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0528-129X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunications and Networking (TeleCoN) Research Laboratory, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5400463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.4829,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96795393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"63403","last_page":"63420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underlay","display_name":"Underlay","score":0.9661055207252502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8066169023513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6832886338233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.6385573148727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4833888113498688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.4760877192020416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4663887023925781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.45593565702438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reservation","display_name":"Reservation","score":0.41910457611083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3664584159851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2995262145996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.27669933438301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24268838763237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.13243430852890015}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777679929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7883709","display_name":"Underlay","level":3,"score":0.9661055207252502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8066169023513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6832886338233948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.6385573148727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4833888113498688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.4760877192020416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4663887023925781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.45593565702438354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777632111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1937518","display_name":"Reservation","level":2,"score":0.41910457611083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3664584159851074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2995262145996094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.27669933438301086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24268838763237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.13243430852890015}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2981413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981413","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09039624.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:34e56d5635614ccebcb1e0e961094055","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/34e56d5635614ccebcb1e0e961094055","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 63403-63420 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2981413","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981413","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09039624.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011125019.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011125019.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1525535255","https://openalex.org/W1918631896","https://openalex.org/W1973040207","https://openalex.org/W1991331367","https://openalex.org/W1993602208","https://openalex.org/W1998580711","https://openalex.org/W2012215953","https://openalex.org/W2018891861","https://openalex.org/W2020890138","https://openalex.org/W2039212066","https://openalex.org/W2069222064","https://openalex.org/W2084436032","https://openalex.org/W2101840010","https://openalex.org/W2105089815","https://openalex.org/W2107078294","https://openalex.org/W2125142879","https://openalex.org/W2133268018","https://openalex.org/W2134230109","https://openalex.org/W2136957911","https://openalex.org/W2156433293","https://openalex.org/W2160998689","https://openalex.org/W2165511051","https://openalex.org/W2221431116","https://openalex.org/W2296342038","https://openalex.org/W2485860421","https://openalex.org/W2502085750","https://openalex.org/W2581207720","https://openalex.org/W2586912724","https://openalex.org/W2713628961","https://openalex.org/W2741659217","https://openalex.org/W2753015436","https://openalex.org/W2761798548","https://openalex.org/W2769726074","https://openalex.org/W2781250772","https://openalex.org/W2789413705","https://openalex.org/W2789470429","https://openalex.org/W2794232721","https://openalex.org/W2800142654","https://openalex.org/W2807126340","https://openalex.org/W2808291178","https://openalex.org/W2892044570","https://openalex.org/W2894957636","https://openalex.org/W2898754723","https://openalex.org/W2908433781","https://openalex.org/W2912978723","https://openalex.org/W2916303473","https://openalex.org/W2935818565","https://openalex.org/W2940998704","https://openalex.org/W2943603764","https://openalex.org/W2944031621","https://openalex.org/W2947605383","https://openalex.org/W2953545387","https://openalex.org/W2964385768","https://openalex.org/W4206180546"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2769590643","https://openalex.org/W2169642774","https://openalex.org/W2532161418","https://openalex.org/W2556201531","https://openalex.org/W2786459840","https://openalex.org/W2545213287","https://openalex.org/W2336181987","https://openalex.org/W2054719951","https://openalex.org/W4389477274","https://openalex.org/W3089664461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Enhancing":[0],"spectrum":[1,17,244],"utilization":[2],"efficiency":[3],"(SUE)":[4],"to":[5,41,66,83,224,254],"accommodate":[6],"the":[7,14,26,43,51,68,86,90,106,126,138,163,196,230,255,257,264],"multitude":[8],"of":[9,23,92,108,128,132,140,180,190,198,221],"5G-based":[10,52],"IoT":[11,53],"devices":[12],"within":[13],"available":[15],"scarce":[16],"has":[18,98],"been":[19,99],"a":[20,58,100,123,147,158,211,268],"pivotal":[21],"point":[22],"research":[24],"in":[25,89,103,111,122,229],"current":[27],"decade.":[28],"Equipped":[29],"with":[30,166],"interweave":[31],"and":[32,154,171,203,219,242],"underlay":[33],"modes,":[34],"cognitive":[35],"radio":[36],"networks":[37],"(CRNs)":[38],"are":[39],"envisioned":[40],"be":[42,67],"most":[44],"promising":[45],"technology":[46],"for":[47,71,134,176,192,217],"SUE":[48,72,109,135,262],"enhancement.":[49,73],"Since":[50],"is":[54,185],"swiftly":[55],"transforming":[56],"into":[57],"heterogeneous":[59],"network,":[60],"hybrid":[61,129,148],"underlay-interweave":[62,130,149],"mode":[63,131,150],"CRNs":[64,133],"appear":[65],"optimal":[69],"key":[70],"Besides":[74],"enhancing":[75],"SUE,":[76],"ensuring":[77],"fairness":[78,214,226,270],"among":[79,227,271],"secondary":[80],"users":[81],"(SUs)":[82],"equitably":[84],"utilize":[85],"network\u2019s":[87,231],"resources":[88,232],"wake":[91],"primary":[93],"users\u2019":[94],"(PUs)":[95],"service":[96,181],"emergence":[97],"critical":[101],"problem":[102],"CRNs.":[104],"Considering":[105],"importance":[107],"enhancement,":[110],"this":[112,143],"paper,":[113],"we":[114,119,145,209],"investigate":[115],"two":[116],"problems.":[117],"Firstly,":[118],"precisely":[120],"analyze,":[121],"novel":[124],"way,":[125],"performance":[127],"enhancement":[136],"from":[137],"standpoint":[139],"SUs.":[141],"For":[142],"purpose,":[144],"propose":[146,210],"enabled":[151],"CRN":[152],"scheme":[153,165,238,259],"apply":[155],"it":[156],"on":[157],"legacy":[159],"CRN.":[160],"We":[161,234],"model":[162],"proposed":[164,237,258,265],"continuous":[167],"time":[168],"Markov":[169],"chain":[170],"derive":[172],"closed":[173],"form":[174],"expressions":[175],"various":[177],"SUE-related":[178],"quality":[179],"parameters.":[182],"The":[183,247],"analysis":[184],"conducted":[186],"under":[187,239],"dynamic":[188],"reservation":[189],"channels":[191],"interrupted":[193],"users,":[194],"considering":[195],"effects":[197],"multi-levels":[199],"network":[200],"traffic":[201],"loads":[202],"varying":[204],"channel":[205],"failure":[206],"rates.":[207],"Secondly,":[208],"multi-attribute":[212],"based":[213],"driven":[215],"algorithm":[216,266],"determination":[218],"interruption":[220],"SUs\u2019":[222,272],"services":[223,228],"ensure":[225],"utilization.":[233],"evaluate":[235],"our":[236],"both":[240],"perfect":[241],"imperfect":[243],"sensing":[245],"scenarios.":[246],"obtained":[248],"results":[249],"demonstrate":[250],"that,":[251],"as":[252],"compared":[253],"state-of-the-art,":[256],"significantly":[260],"enhances":[261],"while":[263],"achieves":[267],"noticeable":[269],"services.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
