{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011748007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981395","title":"Design Automation of Approximate Circuits With Runtime Reconfigurable Accuracy","display_name":"Design Automation of Approximate Circuits With Runtime Reconfigurable Accuracy","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011748007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981395","mag":"3011748007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2981395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981395","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09039585.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09039585.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051495057","display_name":"Georgios Zervakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8110-7122"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Zervakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Chair for Embedded Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","ORCiD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Chair for Embedded Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059133190","display_name":"Hussam Amrouch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5649-3102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussam Amrouch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Chair for Embedded Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","ORCiD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Chair for Embedded Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063508488","display_name":"J\u00f6rg Henkel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9602-2922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","display_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04t3en479","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020","https://openalex.org/I1305996414"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jorg Henkel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Chair for Embedded Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","ORCiD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Chair for Embedded Systems, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051495057"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.629,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93598289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"53522","last_page":"53538"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8361667394638062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/design-flow","display_name":"Design flow","score":0.6185678243637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.6012471914291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.5267108082771301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4930109679698944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.4927387535572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounding-overwatch","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","score":0.45509880781173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-design-automation","display_name":"Electronic design automation","score":0.41966235637664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34771403670310974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3091660737991333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8361667394638062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37135326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931942","display_name":"Design flow","level":2,"score":0.6185678243637085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.6012471914291382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.5267108082771301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4930109679698944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.4927387535572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.45509880781173706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64260653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1194864","display_name":"Electronic design automation","level":2,"score":0.41966235637664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34771403670310974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3091660737991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2981395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981395","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09039585.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:EVASTAR-Karlsruhe.de:1000118687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000118687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401992","display_name":"Repository KITopen (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102335020","host_organization_name":"Karlsruhe Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102335020"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE access, 8, 53522-53538","raw_type":"doc-type:article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:aa0809b59d83434eb041244d113210a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/aa0809b59d83434eb041244d113210a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 53522-53538 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.5445/ir/1000118687","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5445/ir/1000118687","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052948","display_name":"KITopen","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2981395","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2981395","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09039585.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6052429835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(DFG)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G762232396","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011748007.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011748007.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1986192284","https://openalex.org/W1996431812","https://openalex.org/W2005865544","https://openalex.org/W2017819499","https://openalex.org/W2024060531","https://openalex.org/W2026005150","https://openalex.org/W2044694954","https://openalex.org/W2053718566","https://openalex.org/W2063203247","https://openalex.org/W2068766249","https://openalex.org/W2124651102","https://openalex.org/W2126044301","https://openalex.org/W2140145164","https://openalex.org/W2164875860","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2280900335","https://openalex.org/W2323130283","https://openalex.org/W2346205343","https://openalex.org/W2346541696","https://openalex.org/W2371314631","https://openalex.org/W2460228185","https://openalex.org/W2461274627","https://openalex.org/W2497368240","https://openalex.org/W2510668155","https://openalex.org/W2520705664","https://openalex.org/W2549293255","https://openalex.org/W2559460803","https://openalex.org/W2577531088","https://openalex.org/W2587701905","https://openalex.org/W2589986623","https://openalex.org/W2607445385","https://openalex.org/W2612139336","https://openalex.org/W2613107232","https://openalex.org/W2613817144","https://openalex.org/W2625264446","https://openalex.org/W2798894566","https://openalex.org/W2800189959","https://openalex.org/W2801003907","https://openalex.org/W2885108132","https://openalex.org/W2890409005","https://openalex.org/W2891852074","https://openalex.org/W2900509597","https://openalex.org/W2907480908","https://openalex.org/W2909668879","https://openalex.org/W2916991310","https://openalex.org/W2921026389","https://openalex.org/W2943122277","https://openalex.org/W2946374992","https://openalex.org/W2946695067","https://openalex.org/W2947630138","https://openalex.org/W2958306322","https://openalex.org/W2963649377","https://openalex.org/W2969472291","https://openalex.org/W2970545431","https://openalex.org/W2971601850","https://openalex.org/W2971844763","https://openalex.org/W2979792834","https://openalex.org/W2979925167","https://openalex.org/W4229947305","https://openalex.org/W4234974086","https://openalex.org/W4244112173","https://openalex.org/W4245558464","https://openalex.org/W4249697915","https://openalex.org/W6680702329","https://openalex.org/W6687483927","https://openalex.org/W6708559005","https://openalex.org/W6725175238","https://openalex.org/W6727199061","https://openalex.org/W6737340382","https://openalex.org/W6750743754"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3011978806","https://openalex.org/W3204573923","https://openalex.org/W3207169898","https://openalex.org/W3198354237","https://openalex.org/W2743305891","https://openalex.org/W4385309418","https://openalex.org/W2331259470","https://openalex.org/W2019954703","https://openalex.org/W2059530328","https://openalex.org/W2535520145"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Leveraging":[0],"the":[1,25,38,47,67,123,148,151,156],"inherent":[2],"error":[3,131],"tolerance":[4],"of":[5,9,27,50,150,158,184],"a":[6,20,56,139,169,181],"vast":[7],"number":[8],"application":[10],"domains":[11],"that":[12,86,117,142,177],"are":[13,168],"rapidly":[14],"growing,":[15],"approximate":[16,88,120],"computing":[17,29],"arises":[18],"as":[19],"design":[21,84],"alternative":[22],"to":[23,58,127],"improve":[24,122],"efficiency":[26,157],"our":[28,118,159],"systems":[30],"by":[31,125,134],"trading":[32],"accuracy":[33,42,93,101,145],"for":[34,40,129],"energy":[35,124],"savings.":[36],"However,":[37],"requirement":[39,146],"computational":[41],"is":[43,55],"not":[44],"fixed.":[45],"Controlling":[46],"applied":[48],"level":[49],"approximation":[51],"dynamically":[52,91],"at":[53,70,94,180],"runtime":[54],"key":[57],"effectively":[59],"optimize":[60],"energy,":[61],"while":[62],"still":[63],"containing":[64],"and":[65,77,81,114,133,173],"bounding":[66],"induced":[68],"errors":[69],"runtime.":[71,95,152],"In":[72],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"we":[75,161],"propose":[76],"implement":[78],"an":[79,174],"automatic":[80],"circuit":[82],"independent":[83],"framework":[85],"generates":[87],"circuits":[89,98,121],"with":[90],"reconfigurable":[92],"The":[96],"generated":[97,119],"feature":[99],"varying":[100],"levels,":[102],"supporting":[103],"also":[104],"accurate":[105],"execution.":[106],"Extensive":[107],"experimental":[108],"evaluation,":[109],"using":[110],"industry":[111],"strength":[112],"flow":[113],"circuits,":[115],"demonstrates":[116],"up":[126],"41%":[128],"2%":[130],"bound":[132],"17.5%":[135],"on":[136],"average":[137],"under":[138],"pessimistic":[140],"scenario":[141],"assumes":[143],"full":[144],"in":[147],"33%":[149],"To":[153],"demonstrate":[154],"further":[155],"framework,":[160],"considered":[162],"two":[163],"state-of-the-art":[164],"technology":[165,176],"libraries":[166],"which":[167],"7nm":[170],"conventional":[171],"FinFET":[172],"emerging":[175],"boosts":[178],"performance":[179],"high":[182],"cost":[183],"increased":[185],"dynamic":[186],"power.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T08:34:05.389933","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
