{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3010900367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2979799","title":"MSP-MFCC: Energy-Efficient MFCC Feature Extraction Method With Mixed-Signal Processing Architecture for Wearable Speech Recognition Applications","display_name":"MSP-MFCC: Energy-Efficient MFCC Feature Extraction Method With Mixed-Signal Processing Architecture for Wearable Speech Recognition Applications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3010900367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2979799","mag":"3010900367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2979799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2979799","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09031431.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09031431.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438908","display_name":"Qin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3907-3245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022580405","display_name":"Yuze Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4900-7521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuze Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002244885","display_name":"Tianxiang Lan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9345-6856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianxiang Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024568191","display_name":"Huifeng Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0099-1911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huifeng Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075311656","display_name":"Qi Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3189-7562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063901096","display_name":"Fei Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5054-9590"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fei Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006520303","display_name":"Xin-Jun Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8252-8367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinjun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023755254","display_name":"Huazhong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-353X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huazhong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100438908"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.3961,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97493127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"48720","last_page":"48730"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mel-frequency-cepstrum","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","score":0.8648171424865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.814589262008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.604164719581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5429432988166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4627438187599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/realization","display_name":"Realization (probability)","score":0.4276933968067169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37470537424087524}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151989614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440370","display_name":"Mel-frequency cepstrum","level":3,"score":0.8648171424865723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.814589262008667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.604164719581604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5429432988166809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4627438187599182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781089630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21856745","display_name":"Realization (probability)","level":2,"score":0.4276933968067169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37470537424087524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2979799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2979799","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09031431.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6679ba055c604254840428ffba784d87","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6679ba055c604254840428ffba784d87","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 48720-48730 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2979799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2979799","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09031431.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4493934510","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91648116","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322392","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327539","display_name":"Beijing Innovation Center for Future Chip","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3010900367.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3010900367.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W78022920","https://openalex.org/W84813673","https://openalex.org/W1978361532","https://openalex.org/W2011571622","https://openalex.org/W2027261997","https://openalex.org/W2030055611","https://openalex.org/W2038062484","https://openalex.org/W2046468368","https://openalex.org/W2049387919","https://openalex.org/W2077114283","https://openalex.org/W2121620914","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2133762094","https://openalex.org/W2134897614","https://openalex.org/W2144734897","https://openalex.org/W2147547264","https://openalex.org/W2148154194","https://openalex.org/W2149910633","https://openalex.org/W2153640606","https://openalex.org/W2339460208","https://openalex.org/W2510757897","https://openalex.org/W2520160253","https://openalex.org/W2562422081","https://openalex.org/W2766195687","https://openalex.org/W2791301115","https://openalex.org/W2791524226","https://openalex.org/W2891540872","https://openalex.org/W2906009237","https://openalex.org/W2912581782","https://openalex.org/W2921427074","https://openalex.org/W2995136929","https://openalex.org/W3158481788","https://openalex.org/W6603248834","https://openalex.org/W6603446537","https://openalex.org/W6727336983","https://openalex.org/W6757523859"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2736574136","https://openalex.org/W2038216521","https://openalex.org/W4399693842","https://openalex.org/W2399955410","https://openalex.org/W3126677997","https://openalex.org/W2565286512","https://openalex.org/W2097377227","https://openalex.org/W2933782699","https://openalex.org/W4317383455","https://openalex.org/W3129283347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Feature":[0],"extraction":[1],"is":[2,123,131,182],"an":[3],"essential":[4],"part":[5,103],"of":[6,68,79,121,149,166],"automatic":[7],"speech":[8,14,57,160,191],"recognition":[9,161,192],"(ASR)":[10],"to":[11,44,55,133,174],"compress":[12],"raw":[13],"data":[15],"and":[16,32,127,142],"enhance":[17],"features,":[18],"where":[19],"conventional":[20,92],"implementation":[21],"methods":[22],"based":[23,104],"on":[24,105],"the":[25,60,66,69,76,80,86,91,101,112,118,128,150,155,164,171,187],"digital":[26,81,93],"domain":[27],"have":[28],"encountered":[29],"energy":[30,119,140],"consumption":[31,120],"processing":[33,97,129],"speed":[34,130],"bottlenecks.":[35],"Thus,":[36],"we":[37],"propose":[38],"a":[39],"Mixed-Signal":[40],"Processing":[41],"(MSP)":[42],"architecture":[43],"efficiently":[45],"extract":[46],"Mel-Frequency":[47],"Cepstrum":[48],"Coefficients":[49],"(MFCC)":[50],"features.":[51],"We":[52,99],"design":[53],"MSP-MFCC":[54,84,122,137],"pre-process":[56],"signals":[58],"in":[59,90,186],"analog":[61,102],"domain,":[62],"which":[63,168],"significantly":[64],"reduces":[65],"cost":[67],"analog-to-digital":[70],"converter":[71],"(ADC),":[72],"as":[73,75],"well":[74],"computational":[77],"complexity":[78],"back-end.":[82],"Moreover,":[83],"eliminates":[85],"time-consuming":[87],"Fourier":[88],"transform":[89],"realization":[94],"by":[95,153,158],"improving":[96],"flow.":[98],"fabricated":[100],"180nm":[106],"CMOS":[107],"mixed-signal":[108],"technology,":[109],"then":[110],"measured":[111,115],"chip.":[113],"The":[114,178],"results":[116],"show":[117],"$0.72~\\mu":[124],"\\text{J}$":[125],"/frame,":[126],"up":[132],"$45.79~\\mu":[134],"\\text{s}$":[135],"/frame.":[136],"achieves":[138],"95%":[139],"saving":[141],"about":[143],"$6.4\\times":[144],"$":[145],"speedup":[146],"than":[147],"state":[148],"art.":[151],"Further,":[152],"using":[154],"features":[156],"extracted":[157],"MSP-MFCC,":[159],"simulation":[162],"reaches":[163],"accuracy":[165],"98.2%,":[167],"also":[169],"keeps":[170],"leading":[172],"performance":[173],"its":[175],"current":[176],"counterparts.":[177],"proposed":[179],"MFCC":[180],"extractor":[181],"competitive":[183],"for":[184],"integration":[185],"ultra-low-power":[188],"always-on":[189],"wearable":[190],"applications.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-18T14:38:29.013473","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
