{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3011632231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2979505","title":"Orbital Debris Threat for Space Sustainability and Way Forward (Review Article)","display_name":"Orbital Debris Threat for Space Sustainability and Way Forward (Review Article)","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3011632231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2979505","mag":"3011632231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2979505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2979505","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09028136.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09028136.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091880602","display_name":"Abid Murtaza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8065-0518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abid Murtaza","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075614236","display_name":"Syed Jahanzeb Hussain Pirzada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9202-5859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Jahanzeb Hussain Pirzada","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089839520","display_name":"Tongge Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0135-7226"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tongge Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100425107","display_name":"Jianwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2965-3518"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Jianwei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091880602"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":80.2087,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99855576,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"61000","last_page":"61019"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11701","display_name":"Space Satellite Systems and Control","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12717","display_name":"Space exploration and regulation","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11699","display_name":"High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-debris","display_name":"Space debris","score":0.861865758895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5561816096305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustainability","display_name":"Sustainability","score":0.4967425465583801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.47971242666244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/debris","display_name":"Debris","score":0.45642349123954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4525928795337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrobiology","display_name":"Astrobiology","score":0.3487536609172821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16432595252990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10644277930259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oceanography","display_name":"Oceanography","score":0.06606301665306091}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18949120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275450","display_name":"Space debris","level":3,"score":0.861865758895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5561816096305847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66204764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219416","display_name":"Sustainability","level":2,"score":0.4967425465583801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.47971242666244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776023875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637703","display_name":"Debris","level":2,"score":0.45642349123954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4525928795337677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.3487536609172821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16432595252990723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10644277930259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.06606301665306091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2979505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2979505","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09028136.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5fc770dd1d3e47a2b7bfcca712c66a3f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5fc770dd1d3e47a2b7bfcca712c66a3f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 61000-61019 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2979505","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2979505","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09028136.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5135738026","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIIDP-9.1-2018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323970","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323970","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011632231.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3011632231.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W194953301","https://openalex.org/W215309604","https://openalex.org/W357386309","https://openalex.org/W745067062","https://openalex.org/W755336577","https://openalex.org/W1521465968","https://openalex.org/W1612213905","https://openalex.org/W1614765791","https://openalex.org/W1679673216","https://openalex.org/W1980570063","https://openalex.org/W1981346544","https://openalex.org/W1984769050","https://openalex.org/W1986744954","https://openalex.org/W1988414891","https://openalex.org/W1991762449","https://openalex.org/W1992723612","https://openalex.org/W2000020278","https://openalex.org/W2008987774","https://openalex.org/W2010538262","https://openalex.org/W2019281509","https://openalex.org/W2027292210","https://openalex.org/W2031198181","https://openalex.org/W2047115193","https://openalex.org/W2048415899","https://openalex.org/W2061423293","https://openalex.org/W2062832366","https://openalex.org/W2075403767","https://openalex.org/W2090654863","https://openalex.org/W2095052095","https://openalex.org/W2098893304","https://openalex.org/W2119969123","https://openalex.org/W2121654539","https://openalex.org/W2176715885","https://openalex.org/W2184290604","https://openalex.org/W2226991526","https://openalex.org/W2257048044","https://openalex.org/W2266981790","https://openalex.org/W2281260638","https://openalex.org/W2343533940","https://openalex.org/W2466447974","https://openalex.org/W2475772419","https://openalex.org/W2550799760","https://openalex.org/W2555724396","https://openalex.org/W2557567298","https://openalex.org/W2583066074","https://openalex.org/W2594097063","https://openalex.org/W2600165096","https://openalex.org/W2604543614","https://openalex.org/W2613685695","https://openalex.org/W2626117900","https://openalex.org/W2740658482","https://openalex.org/W2765420809","https://openalex.org/W2766523662","https://openalex.org/W2767744736","https://openalex.org/W2767871190","https://openalex.org/W2777978145","https://openalex.org/W2781208112","https://openalex.org/W2782148039","https://openalex.org/W2789921093","https://openalex.org/W2790351715","https://openalex.org/W2790471457","https://openalex.org/W2791448521","https://openalex.org/W2793071620","https://openalex.org/W2793460226","https://openalex.org/W2794696639","https://openalex.org/W2796218636","https://openalex.org/W2799294008","https://openalex.org/W2808386346","https://openalex.org/W2808836139","https://openalex.org/W2810549860","https://openalex.org/W2883490311","https://openalex.org/W2898955992","https://openalex.org/W2930588925","https://openalex.org/W2944760056","https://openalex.org/W2966365128","https://openalex.org/W2994185351","https://openalex.org/W3004881391","https://openalex.org/W4210330066","https://openalex.org/W4249245639","https://openalex.org/W4250047096","https://openalex.org/W6607875470","https://openalex.org/W6608669396","https://openalex.org/W6621989263","https://openalex.org/W6631163058","https://openalex.org/W6636657050","https://openalex.org/W6735271015","https://openalex.org/W6741352667","https://openalex.org/W6745806164","https://openalex.org/W6761572385","https://openalex.org/W6771137732"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2024597437","https://openalex.org/W2587296717","https://openalex.org/W171204578","https://openalex.org/W1621964228","https://openalex.org/W3171469758","https://openalex.org/W2087792991","https://openalex.org/W885382963","https://openalex.org/W2125247431","https://openalex.org/W589139216","https://openalex.org/W4317584132"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,26,62,67,72,77,81,99,106,112,132,147,151,157,187,197,209,213,242,248],"past":[2],"60":[3],"years,":[4],"satellite":[5,123,179,214,236],"technology":[6,246],"has":[7],"demonstrated":[8],"its":[9],"usefulness":[10,14],"successfully.":[11],"However,":[12,117],"this":[13,85,120],"is":[15,191],"at":[16],"stake":[17],"from":[18,181],"a":[19,192,205,231],"future":[20,102,210,235],"point":[21],"of":[22,37,46,66,101,109,195,212,244],"view,":[23],"due":[24],"to":[25,60,83,104,119,175,203],"well-admitted":[27],"orbital/space":[28],"debris":[29,39,115],"threat.":[30],"This":[31,69,92,139,223],"article":[32,224],"thoroughly":[33],"reviews":[34],"all":[35,76],"aspects":[36],"space":[38,148,158,166,198,221,245],"issue":[40],"including":[41],"causes,":[42],"amount":[43],"and":[44,56,64,79,171,183],"sizes":[45],"orbital":[47,134,169],"debris,":[48],"potential":[49],"threats,":[50,80],"counter-strategies":[51],"with":[52],"their":[53],"latest":[54],"status":[55],"related":[57],"legal":[58],"issues":[59],"highlight":[61],"criticality":[63],"urgency":[65],"problem.":[68],"review":[70],"elaborates":[71],"fact":[73],"that":[74,128,238],"despite":[75],"worries":[78],"efforts":[82],"confront":[84],"challenge":[86],"are":[87,173],"considerably":[88],"insufficient":[89],"until":[90,111],"today.":[91],"bitter":[93],"reality":[94],"demands":[95],"for":[96,234],"at-least":[97],"curtailing":[98],"number":[100,211],"launches":[103],"ensure":[105],"long-term":[107],"sustainability":[108],"space,":[110],"improvement":[113],"in":[114,136,145,150,186,207,247],"situation.":[116],"contradictory":[118],"necessity,":[121],"large":[122],"constellations":[124],"have":[125],"been":[126],"proposed":[127],"can":[129,155,200,239],"drastically":[130],"increase":[131],"existing":[133],"population":[135],"coming":[137],"years.":[138],"approach":[140],"will":[141],"certainly":[142],"not":[143],"help":[144],"improving":[146],"environment":[149,159],"future;":[152],"instead,":[153],"it":[154],"worsen":[156],"situation":[160],"as":[161,230],"recent":[162],"studies":[163],"shows.":[164],"Also,":[165],"resources":[167],"(i.e.":[168],"slots":[170],"frequencies)":[172],"limited":[174],"accommodate":[176],"many":[177,217],"more":[178],"projects":[180,237],"commercial":[182,218],"government":[184,220],"organization":[185],"future.":[188,249],"So,":[189],"there":[190],"serious":[193],"question":[194],"how":[196],"industry":[199],"move":[201],"forward":[202,233],"maintain":[204],"balance":[206],"controlling":[208],"while":[215],"accommodating":[216],"or":[219],"entities.":[222],"also":[225,240],"identifies":[226],"two":[227],"optimized":[228],"approaches":[229],"way":[232],"enhance":[241],"effectiveness":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-30T08:08:38.191290","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
