{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009950019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2978258","title":"Robust Integral Backstepping Control for Unified Model of Hybrid Electric Vehicles","display_name":"Robust Integral Backstepping Control for Unified Model of Hybrid Electric Vehicles","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009950019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2978258","mag":"3009950019"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2978258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2978258","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09024034.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09024034.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060913742","display_name":"Syed Ahmad Siffat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2560-1374"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed Ahmad Siffat","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2560-1374","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089219329","display_name":"Iftikhar Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2197-9890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iftikhar Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2197-9890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070385225","display_name":"Aqeel Ur Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7217-5350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aqeel Ur Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7217-5350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076227584","display_name":"Yasir Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6372-774X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasir Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6372-774X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060913742"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7316,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83917808,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"49038","last_page":"49052"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backstepping","display_name":"Backstepping","score":0.7803516983985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6336535811424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6218988299369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induction-motor","display_name":"Induction motor","score":0.5260488986968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robust-control","display_name":"Robust control","score":0.5215104222297668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.5145941972732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lyapunov-function","display_name":"Lyapunov function","score":0.46286118030548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.4521113932132721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.352720707654953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-system","display_name":"Control system","score":0.27792978286743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-control","display_name":"Adaptive control","score":0.25208061933517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.22881048917770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20557111501693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.18742752075195312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.1646428406238556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.1527521014213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09509184956550598}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72218879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4839759","display_name":"Backstepping","level":4,"score":0.7803516983985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6336535811424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6218988299369812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80962145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207450","display_name":"Induction motor","level":3,"score":0.5260488986968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31531917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915157","display_name":"Robust control","level":3,"score":0.5215104222297668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.5145941972732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60640748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2337858","display_name":"Lyapunov function","level":3,"score":0.46286118030548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.4521113932132721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.352720707654953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17500928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959968","display_name":"Control system","level":2,"score":0.27792978286743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.25208061933517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.22881048917770386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20557111501693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.18742752075195312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.1646428406238556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.1527521014213562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09509184956550598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2978258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2978258","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09024034.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:256879123e8c4fe1bc0ea64f4e7bc2b2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/256879123e8c4fe1bc0ea64f4e7bc2b2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 49038-49052 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2978258","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2978258","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09024034.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009950019.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009950019.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W331197271","https://openalex.org/W1584659942","https://openalex.org/W1964050025","https://openalex.org/W1979615005","https://openalex.org/W1981910934","https://openalex.org/W1985065210","https://openalex.org/W1990507051","https://openalex.org/W1998487444","https://openalex.org/W2007112884","https://openalex.org/W2010922597","https://openalex.org/W2017283779","https://openalex.org/W2020492412","https://openalex.org/W2022000940","https://openalex.org/W2029681736","https://openalex.org/W2036019765","https://openalex.org/W2037637851","https://openalex.org/W2041490733","https://openalex.org/W2044324647","https://openalex.org/W2044979206","https://openalex.org/W2058425085","https://openalex.org/W2061938558","https://openalex.org/W2071502233","https://openalex.org/W2089502351","https://openalex.org/W2091031228","https://openalex.org/W2104941294","https://openalex.org/W2105457945","https://openalex.org/W2123563128","https://openalex.org/W2134554718","https://openalex.org/W2142653678","https://openalex.org/W2158361272","https://openalex.org/W2160271208","https://openalex.org/W2191250002","https://openalex.org/W2202013993","https://openalex.org/W2223569426","https://openalex.org/W2321707871","https://openalex.org/W2557417232","https://openalex.org/W2571459697","https://openalex.org/W2583089664","https://openalex.org/W2736331134","https://openalex.org/W2793881488","https://openalex.org/W2902135350","https://openalex.org/W2913366833","https://openalex.org/W2942894876","https://openalex.org/W6683329420"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2771027241","https://openalex.org/W1765905465","https://openalex.org/W2793080664","https://openalex.org/W2186140227","https://openalex.org/W2132535444","https://openalex.org/W2534185822","https://openalex.org/W2367651125","https://openalex.org/W2387936656","https://openalex.org/W2063297487","https://openalex.org/W2567073787"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Exponential":[0],"decrease":[1],"in":[2,31,43,81,207,225],"oil":[3],"and":[4,12,39,69,133,149,184],"natural":[5],"gas":[6],"resources,":[7],"increasing":[8],"global":[9,196],"warming":[10],"issues":[11],"insufficiency":[13],"of":[14,35,49,62,94,144,147,153,198,202,220],"fossil":[15],"fuels":[16],"has":[17],"shifted":[18],"the":[19,44,106,110,130,134,151,154,195,199,218,221],"focus":[20],"to":[21,127,171,216],"fuel":[22,36],"cell":[23],"hybrid":[24,122],"electric":[25,123,145],"vehicles":[26],"(FHEVs).":[27],"FHEV":[28,148],"model":[29,46,126,138,158,223],"used":[30,139],"this":[32,115,179,226],"work":[33,117],"consists":[34],"cell,":[37],"ultracapacitor":[38],"battery.":[40],"Non-linearities":[41],"present":[42],"vehicle":[45,124],"dominate":[47],"because":[48,93],"extreme":[50],"driving":[51,80],"conditions":[52],"like":[53,64],"rough":[54],"terrains,":[55],"slippery":[56],"roads":[57],"or":[58,109],"hilly":[59],"areas.":[60],"Behavior":[61],"components":[63],"energy":[65,107,131],"sources,":[66],"induction":[67,111,135],"motors":[68],"power":[70],"processing":[71],"blocks":[72],"deviate":[73],"significantly":[74],"from":[75],"their":[76,95],"normal":[77],"behavior":[78],"when":[79,169],"highly":[82],"demanding":[83],"situations.":[84],"To":[85],"tackle":[86],"these":[87],"shortcomings,":[88],"non-linear":[89],"controllers":[90,100,187,204],"are":[91],"preferred":[92],"efficiency.":[96],"In":[97,178],"literature,":[98],"different":[99],"have":[101,188],"been":[102,189],"proposed":[103,203,224],"for":[104],"either":[105],"sources":[108,132],"motor":[112],"separately,":[113],"whereas":[114],"research":[116],"focuses":[118],"on":[119],"a":[120,141],"unified":[121,157,222],"(HEV)":[125],"simultaneously":[128],"control":[129],"motor.":[136],"The":[137],"is":[140,205,213],"complete":[142],"representation":[143],"system":[146],"increases":[150],"performance":[152],"vehicle.":[155],"This":[156],"provides":[159],"improved":[160],"DC":[161],"bus":[162],"voltage":[163],"regulation":[164],"along":[165],"with":[166],"speed":[167],"tracking":[168],"subjected":[170],"European":[172],"extra":[173],"urban":[174],"drive":[175],"cycle":[176],"(EUDC).":[177],"work,":[180],"Robust":[181,185],"Integral":[182],"Backstepping":[183,186],"designed.":[190],"Lyapunov":[191],"based":[192],"analysis":[193,212],"ensures":[194],"stability":[197],"system.":[200],"Performance":[201],"validated":[206],"MATLAB/Simulink":[208],"environment.":[209],"A":[210],"comparative":[211],"also":[214],"given":[215],"illustrate":[217],"importance":[219],"work.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}