{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009188349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2978083","title":"Improved SERPENT Algorithm: Design to RGB Image Encryption Implementation","display_name":"Improved SERPENT Algorithm: Design to RGB Image Encryption Implementation","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009188349","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2978083","mag":"3009188349"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2978083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2978083","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09022986.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09022986.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059990662","display_name":"Tariq Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6587-1638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12469534","display_name":"Quaid-i-Azam University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s9hft57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tariq Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6587-1638","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007811907","display_name":"Tanveer ul Haq","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0417-019X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12469534","display_name":"Quaid-i-Azam University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s9hft57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanveer Ul Haq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0417-019X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112575400","display_name":"Ghazanfar Farooq","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12469534","display_name":"Quaid-i-Azam University","ror":"https://ror.org/04s9hft57","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghazanfar Farooq","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0291-3287","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059990662"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12469534"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1575,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89437424,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"52609","last_page":"52621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.8120276927947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6368459463119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-encryption-standard","display_name":"Advanced Encryption Standard","score":0.5444418787956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5257312059402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5250170826911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/40-bit-encryption","display_name":"40-bit encryption","score":0.509688138961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/56-bit-encryption","display_name":"56-bit encryption","score":0.49668771028518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.4388354420661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-encryption","display_name":"Probabilistic encryption","score":0.42100775241851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.16256040334701538}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.8120276927947998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6368459463119507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94520183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190746","display_name":"Advanced Encryption Standard","level":3,"score":0.5444418787956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5257312059402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5250170826911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158215988","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4637271","display_name":"40-bit encryption","level":3,"score":0.509688138961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46905813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4640678","display_name":"56-bit encryption","level":4,"score":0.49668771028518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4388354420661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54569210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246854","display_name":"Probabilistic encryption","level":3,"score":0.42100775241851807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.16256040334701538}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2978083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2978083","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09022986.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:59cf0e1ab09a4dc7a14c530c10086ed9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/59cf0e1ab09a4dc7a14c530c10086ed9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 52609-52621 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2978083","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2978083","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09022986.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5756758499","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6212/Federal/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322799","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322799","display_name":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan","ror":"https://ror.org/038y3sz68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009188349.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009188349.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518029257","https://openalex.org/W1642077190","https://openalex.org/W2050283542","https://openalex.org/W2091221194","https://openalex.org/W2114770744","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2153777140","https://openalex.org/W2159269332","https://openalex.org/W2180755808","https://openalex.org/W2425286230","https://openalex.org/W2549266255","https://openalex.org/W2592206357","https://openalex.org/W2607288957","https://openalex.org/W2670495922","https://openalex.org/W2737126994","https://openalex.org/W2765497248","https://openalex.org/W2767797770","https://openalex.org/W2774350692","https://openalex.org/W2789284498","https://openalex.org/W2801689152","https://openalex.org/W2802102002","https://openalex.org/W2808755199","https://openalex.org/W2811350001","https://openalex.org/W2886235899","https://openalex.org/W2891672556","https://openalex.org/W2891995194","https://openalex.org/W2901591183","https://openalex.org/W2902058095","https://openalex.org/W2935804727","https://openalex.org/W2944785541","https://openalex.org/W2946259066","https://openalex.org/W2948689568","https://openalex.org/W2954511206","https://openalex.org/W2955214321","https://openalex.org/W2982868404","https://openalex.org/W2990908914","https://openalex.org/W6637035397","https://openalex.org/W6717539790"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389178160","https://openalex.org/W2144246620","https://openalex.org/W3181603331","https://openalex.org/W2361619969","https://openalex.org/W2387840805","https://openalex.org/W2184870945","https://openalex.org/W2564633714","https://openalex.org/W4243621294","https://openalex.org/W3014373477","https://openalex.org/W2188276378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gigantic":[0],"data":[1,32],"transfer":[2],"over":[3],"networks":[4],"and":[5,42,108,161,202],"internet":[6],"turned":[7],"in":[8,19,56,101,129],"developing":[9],"a":[10,17,76,102,130,167,196],"large":[11],"number":[12],"of":[13,27,31,66,81,96,119,166],"encryption":[14,63,134,160,178,188],"techniques.":[15,179],"As":[16],"consequence,":[18],"parallel,":[20],"it":[21,190,194],"gave":[22],"birth":[23],"to":[24,47,172],"new":[25],"plans":[26],"attacks.":[28,205],"In":[29,71],"facet":[30],"security,":[33],"the":[34,49,110,116,120,125,138,150,173,181,184,200,203],"algorithms":[35],"specifically":[36],"Rijndael":[37],"(Advanced":[38],"Encryption":[39],"Standard-AES),":[40],"SERPENT":[41,82],"TWOFISH":[43],"are":[44,142],"equally":[45],"considered":[46],"be":[48],"best.":[50],"However,":[51],"they":[52],"pay":[53],"less":[54,154],"attention":[55],"some":[57],"cryptographic":[58],"areas":[59],"like":[60],"digital":[61,131,145],"image":[62,133,146,177,187],"schemes":[64],"because":[65],"their":[67],"time":[68,77,155],"consumption":[69],"inferiority.":[70],"this":[72],"paper,":[73],"we":[74],"introduce":[75],"diminishing":[78],"improved":[79],"version":[80],"algorithm":[83,126],"depending":[84],"upon":[85],"chain":[86,103,111,139],"ring-based":[87],"substitution":[88],"boxes":[89],"(S-boxes)":[90],"dealing":[91],"with":[92],"8-bit":[93],"vector":[94],"instead":[95],"4-bit.":[97],"The":[98,144],"multiplicative":[99],"substructures":[100],"ring":[104,112,140],"have":[105],"multiple":[106],"generators":[107],"thus":[109],"based":[113],"S-boxes":[114],"improve":[115],"algebraic":[117],"complexity":[118],"cipher.":[121],"Apart":[122],"from":[123],"it,":[124],"is":[127,191],"utilized":[128],"RGB":[132,176,186],"application":[135],"where":[136],"throughout":[137],"operations":[141],"performed.":[143],"analyses":[147],"reveal":[148],"that":[149,193],"proposed":[151],"scheme":[152,189],"consumes":[153],"(i.e.":[156],"8.2":[157],"microseconds":[158,163],"for":[159,164],"5.8":[162],"decryption":[165],"128-bit":[168],"block)":[169],"as":[170],"compared":[171],"existing":[174],"prominent":[175],"Furthermore,":[180],"investigation":[182],"on":[183],"suggested":[185],"observed":[192],"has":[195],"great":[197],"resistance":[198],"against":[199],"statistical":[201],"differential":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
