{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009348923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2977659","title":"A Real-Time LoRa Protocol for Industrial Monitoring and Control Systems","display_name":"A Real-Time LoRa Protocol for Industrial Monitoring and Control Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009348923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2977659","mag":"3009348923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2977659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2977659","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09020119.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09020119.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048578802","display_name":"Quy Lam Hoang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3159-1176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quy Lam Hoang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3159-1176","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065130405","display_name":"Woo-Sung Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2755-2721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woo-Sung Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2755-2721","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018618450","display_name":"Taehyun Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2262-4124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taehyun Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2262-4124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058912147","display_name":"Dae-Seung Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4999-024X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daeseung Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4999-024X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000901456","display_name":"Hoon Oh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4257-4531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoon Oh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4257-4531","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.4226,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89174578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"44727","last_page":"44738"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12801","display_name":"Bluetooth and Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.839056670665741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5559203028678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5171510577201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5089631080627441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4721931219100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4417186379432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.419813334941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4014272391796112}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.839056670665741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5559203028678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5171510577201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5089631080627441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4721931219100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4417186379432678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.419813334941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4014272391796112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2977659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2977659","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09020119.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:579d12363b49428b92c7a28d7232684e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/579d12363b49428b92c7a28d7232684e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 44727-44738 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2977659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2977659","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09020119.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3460007169","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19AS1100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330019","funder_display_name":"Ulsan Metropolitan City"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8442505427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19ZS1300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322093","funder_display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8851197005","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"19AS1100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322093","funder_display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322093","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330019","display_name":"Ulsan Metropolitan City","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009348923.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009348923.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W609352824","https://openalex.org/W1963344158","https://openalex.org/W2092898013","https://openalex.org/W2120552818","https://openalex.org/W2146971820","https://openalex.org/W2158140826","https://openalex.org/W2164012210","https://openalex.org/W2296421542","https://openalex.org/W2373782663","https://openalex.org/W2398319222","https://openalex.org/W2498982265","https://openalex.org/W2525332113","https://openalex.org/W2537187694","https://openalex.org/W2542099473","https://openalex.org/W2613278644","https://openalex.org/W2614897509","https://openalex.org/W2617209552","https://openalex.org/W2740695986","https://openalex.org/W2756782458","https://openalex.org/W2759236844","https://openalex.org/W2787401020","https://openalex.org/W2792195154","https://openalex.org/W2804261840","https://openalex.org/W2887338779","https://openalex.org/W2899430518","https://openalex.org/W2907025567","https://openalex.org/W2911373350","https://openalex.org/W2943535307","https://openalex.org/W2966902125","https://openalex.org/W2973200166","https://openalex.org/W2981228028","https://openalex.org/W3101536468","https://openalex.org/W3138797913","https://openalex.org/W6618771878","https://openalex.org/W6681833188","https://openalex.org/W6697523151","https://openalex.org/W6729059106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375786911","https://openalex.org/W2367630196","https://openalex.org/W756944427","https://openalex.org/W2349547031","https://openalex.org/W2358871510","https://openalex.org/W278619663","https://openalex.org/W4362564284","https://openalex.org/W2898422397","https://openalex.org/W2126947002","https://openalex.org/W4245618714"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"LoRa":[0,49],"technology":[1],"draws":[2],"attention":[3],"for":[4],"its":[5,31,162],"use":[6],"in":[7,13,116],"industrial":[8],"monitoring":[9],"and":[10,45,61,155,165,170],"control":[11],"systems":[12],"which":[14],"each":[15,96,112],"end":[16],"device":[17,62],"or":[18,63],"task":[19],"is":[20,51,88,152],"required":[21],"to":[22,26,58,70,90,95,107,160],"send":[23],"data":[24,40,115],"periodically":[25],"a":[27,34,55,80,83,92,136],"(cloud)":[28],"server.":[29],"Despite":[30],"provision":[32],"of":[33,79,105],"stable":[35],"link,":[36],"it":[37,120],"suffers":[38],"from":[39],"loss":[41],"by":[42,130],"signal":[43,68,73,168],"suppression":[44,169],"interference.":[46,171],"A":[47],"real-time":[48],"protocol":[50,134,151],"proposed":[52],"that":[53,110,141],"uses":[54,135],"slot":[56,85],"scheduling":[57],"remove":[59],"collision":[60],"node":[64,113],"grouping":[65],"based":[66],"on":[67,76],"attenuation":[69],"deal":[71],"with":[72,157],"suppression.":[74],"Based":[75],"the":[77,102,117,133],"definition":[78],"frame-slot":[81],"structure,":[82],"logical":[84,93,99],"indexing":[86],"algorithm":[87],"devised":[89],"tag":[91],"index":[94],"slot.":[97,149],"The":[98],"indices":[100],"enable":[101],"easy":[103],"allocation":[104],"slots":[106],"nodes":[108],"such":[109],"if":[111],"sends":[114],"allocated":[118],"slots,":[119],"can":[121],"satisfy":[122],"time":[123],"constraint.":[124],"To":[125],"handle":[126],"external":[127],"interference":[128],"caused":[129],"other":[131,158],"networks,":[132],"multiple":[137,145],"listen-before-talk":[138],"(mLBT)":[139],"mechanism":[140],"allows":[142],"channel":[143],"detection":[144],"times":[146],"within":[147],"one":[148],"Our":[150],"compared":[153],"analytically":[154],"experimentally":[156],"ones":[159],"show":[161],"superior":[163],"throughput":[164],"reliability":[166],"against":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
